The intracluster light analysis of the most evolved systems of galaxies: fossil groups

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: de Oliveira, Nícolas O. L., Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda, Dupke, Renato A., Carrasco, Eleazar R., Koekemoer, Anton M., Su, Yuanyuan, Vilchez, Jose Manuel, Irwin, Jimmy A., Miller, Eric D., Johnson, Lucas E.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author de Oliveira, Nícolas O. L.
Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda
Dupke, Renato A.
Carrasco, Eleazar R.
Koekemoer, Anton M.
Su, Yuanyuan
Vilchez, Jose Manuel
Irwin, Jimmy A.
Miller, Eric D.
Johnson, Lucas E.
author_facet de Oliveira, Nícolas O. L.
Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda
Dupke, Renato A.
Carrasco, Eleazar R.
Koekemoer, Anton M.
Su, Yuanyuan
Vilchez, Jose Manuel
Irwin, Jimmy A.
Miller, Eric D.
Johnson, Lucas E.
contents We present the analysis of the intracluster light (ICL) in three fossil groups (FG), RXJ085640.72+055347.36, RX J1136+0713, and RX J1410+4145, at z ~ 0.1. We used two optical broad-band filters, F435W and F606W, observed with the Hubble Space Telescope and spectroscopic data obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph to generate the ICL maps and measure the ICL fraction using CICLE, an algorithm developed to disentangle the ICL from the light of galaxies. We found ICL fractions of 9.9% - 14.4%, 3.8% - 6.1%, and 4.7% - 10.7% for RXJ0856, RXJ1136, and RXJ1410, respectively. This behavior is not consistent with the presence of the ICL fraction excess previously observed in merging clusters and also inconsistent with the constant ICL fraction distribution characteristic of relaxed systems, although the values found are within the typical range expected for the latter. Instead, they show a significantly increasing trend with wavelengths over ~ 3800 - 5500A, indicating that fossil groups are indeed old and undisturbed systems, even compared with regular relaxed clusters.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_03032
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The intracluster light analysis of the most evolved systems of galaxies: fossil groups
de Oliveira, Nícolas O. L.
Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda
Dupke, Renato A.
Carrasco, Eleazar R.
Koekemoer, Anton M.
Su, Yuanyuan
Vilchez, Jose Manuel
Irwin, Jimmy A.
Miller, Eric D.
Johnson, Lucas E.
Astrophysics of Galaxies
We present the analysis of the intracluster light (ICL) in three fossil groups (FG), RXJ085640.72+055347.36, RX J1136+0713, and RX J1410+4145, at z ~ 0.1. We used two optical broad-band filters, F435W and F606W, observed with the Hubble Space Telescope and spectroscopic data obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph to generate the ICL maps and measure the ICL fraction using CICLE, an algorithm developed to disentangle the ICL from the light of galaxies. We found ICL fractions of 9.9% - 14.4%, 3.8% - 6.1%, and 4.7% - 10.7% for RXJ0856, RXJ1136, and RXJ1410, respectively. This behavior is not consistent with the presence of the ICL fraction excess previously observed in merging clusters and also inconsistent with the constant ICL fraction distribution characteristic of relaxed systems, although the values found are within the typical range expected for the latter. Instead, they show a significantly increasing trend with wavelengths over ~ 3800 - 5500A, indicating that fossil groups are indeed old and undisturbed systems, even compared with regular relaxed clusters.
title The intracluster light analysis of the most evolved systems of galaxies: fossil groups
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03032