Robust magnetic field estimates in star-forming galaxies with the equipartition formula in the absence of equipartition

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Main Authors: Chiu, H. -H. Sandy, Ruszkowski, Mateusz, Werhahn, Maria, Pfrommer, Christoph, Thomas, Timon
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chiu, H. -H. Sandy
Ruszkowski, Mateusz
Werhahn, Maria
Pfrommer, Christoph
Thomas, Timon
author_facet Chiu, H. -H. Sandy
Ruszkowski, Mateusz
Werhahn, Maria
Pfrommer, Christoph
Thomas, Timon
contents The equipartition model is widely used to estimate magnetic field strength from synchrotron intensity in radio galaxies, yet the validity of its underlying assumptions remains uncertain. Using an Arepo simulation which incorporates a two-moment cosmic ray (CR) transport scheme and a multiphase interstellar medium, we compare magnetic fields inferred from synthetic synchrotron emission maps with the true fields in the simulation. Starting from the derivation of the equipartition formula, we find that the deviation between the equipartition magnetic field and the true magnetic field depends only weakly on the ratio of the magnetic to the CR energy density. In practice, for both face-on and edge-on projections, the equipartition model slightly overestimates the total synchrotron-weighted magnetic field with mean offsets of 32% (0.17 dex) and 36% (0.2 dex), even though the energy equipartition does not hold locally. Beyond these average offsets, a clear trend emerges in edge-on projections that the model underestimates the field in the disk and overestimates it in the halo. Our results demonstrate that the validity of the equipartition model depends only weakly on the strict fulfillment of energy equipartition, and that the equipartition model remains a practical method for estimating magnetic field strengths in face-on projection maps based on our CR-magnetohydrodynamics simulation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_03229
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Robust magnetic field estimates in star-forming galaxies with the equipartition formula in the absence of equipartition
Chiu, H. -H. Sandy
Ruszkowski, Mateusz
Werhahn, Maria
Pfrommer, Christoph
Thomas, Timon
Astrophysics of Galaxies
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
The equipartition model is widely used to estimate magnetic field strength from synchrotron intensity in radio galaxies, yet the validity of its underlying assumptions remains uncertain. Using an Arepo simulation which incorporates a two-moment cosmic ray (CR) transport scheme and a multiphase interstellar medium, we compare magnetic fields inferred from synthetic synchrotron emission maps with the true fields in the simulation. Starting from the derivation of the equipartition formula, we find that the deviation between the equipartition magnetic field and the true magnetic field depends only weakly on the ratio of the magnetic to the CR energy density. In practice, for both face-on and edge-on projections, the equipartition model slightly overestimates the total synchrotron-weighted magnetic field with mean offsets of 32% (0.17 dex) and 36% (0.2 dex), even though the energy equipartition does not hold locally. Beyond these average offsets, a clear trend emerges in edge-on projections that the model underestimates the field in the disk and overestimates it in the halo. Our results demonstrate that the validity of the equipartition model depends only weakly on the strict fulfillment of energy equipartition, and that the equipartition model remains a practical method for estimating magnetic field strengths in face-on projection maps based on our CR-magnetohydrodynamics simulation.
title Robust magnetic field estimates in star-forming galaxies with the equipartition formula in the absence of equipartition
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03229