Cross-Lingual Multi-Granularity Framework for Interpretable Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis from Speech

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Tougui, Ilias, Zakroum, Mehdi, Ghogho, Mounir
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Tougui, Ilias
Zakroum, Mehdi
Ghogho, Mounir
author_facet Tougui, Ilias
Zakroum, Mehdi
Ghogho, Mounir
contents Parkinson's Disease (PD) affects over 10 million people worldwide, with speech impairments in up to 89% of patients. Current speech-based detection systems analyze entire utterances, potentially overlooking the diagnostic value of specific phonetic elements. We developed a granularity-aware approach for multilingual PD detection using an automated pipeline that extracts time-aligned phonemes, syllables, and words from recordings. Using Italian, Spanish, and English datasets, we implemented a bidirectional LSTM with multi-head attention to compare diagnostic performance across the different granularity levels. Phoneme-level analysis achieved superior performance with AUROC of 93.78% +- 2.34% and accuracy of 92.17% +- 2.43%. This demonstrates enhanced diagnostic capability for cross-linguistic PD detection. Importantly, attention analysis revealed that the most informative speech features align with those used in established clinical protocols: sustained vowels (/a/, /e/, /o/, /i/) at phoneme level, diadochokinetic syllables (/ta/, /pa/, /la/, /ka/) at syllable level, and /pataka/ sequences at word level. Source code will be available at https://github.com/jetliqs/clearpd.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_03758
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Cross-Lingual Multi-Granularity Framework for Interpretable Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis from Speech
Tougui, Ilias
Zakroum, Mehdi
Ghogho, Mounir
Computation and Language
Sound
Audio and Speech Processing
Parkinson's Disease (PD) affects over 10 million people worldwide, with speech impairments in up to 89% of patients. Current speech-based detection systems analyze entire utterances, potentially overlooking the diagnostic value of specific phonetic elements. We developed a granularity-aware approach for multilingual PD detection using an automated pipeline that extracts time-aligned phonemes, syllables, and words from recordings. Using Italian, Spanish, and English datasets, we implemented a bidirectional LSTM with multi-head attention to compare diagnostic performance across the different granularity levels. Phoneme-level analysis achieved superior performance with AUROC of 93.78% +- 2.34% and accuracy of 92.17% +- 2.43%. This demonstrates enhanced diagnostic capability for cross-linguistic PD detection. Importantly, attention analysis revealed that the most informative speech features align with those used in established clinical protocols: sustained vowels (/a/, /e/, /o/, /i/) at phoneme level, diadochokinetic syllables (/ta/, /pa/, /la/, /ka/) at syllable level, and /pataka/ sequences at word level. Source code will be available at https://github.com/jetliqs/clearpd.
title Cross-Lingual Multi-Granularity Framework for Interpretable Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis from Speech
topic Computation and Language
Sound
Audio and Speech Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03758