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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03977 |
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| _version_ | 1866915533665861632 |
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| author | Athena, Fabia F. Voigt, Cooper A. Tian, Mengkun Goswami, Anjan Toph, Emily Nnaji, Moses Mammo, Fanuel Wagner, Brent K. Jeon, Sungho Cai, Wenshan Vogel, Eric M. |
| author_facet | Athena, Fabia F. Voigt, Cooper A. Tian, Mengkun Goswami, Anjan Toph, Emily Nnaji, Moses Mammo, Fanuel Wagner, Brent K. Jeon, Sungho Cai, Wenshan Vogel, Eric M. |
| contents | Since the initial synthesis of van der Waals two-dimensional indium selenide was first documented in 1957, five distinct polymorphs and their corresponding polytypes have been identified. In this study, we report a unique phase of indium selenide via Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) analysis in the synthesized large-area films -- which we have named the $β^\text{p}$ phase. The quintuple layers of the $β^\text{p}$ phase, characterized by a unique zigzag atomic configuration with unequal indium-selenium bond lengths from the middle selenium atom, are distinct from any other previously reported phase of indium selenide. Cross-sectional STEM analysis has revealed that the $β^\text{p}$ layers exhibit intralayer shifting. We found that indium selenide films with $β^\text{p}$ layers display electric-field-induced switchable polarization characteristic of ferroelectric materials, suggesting the breaking of the inversion symmetry. Experimental observations of nonlinear optical phenomena -- Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) responses further support this conclusion. This study reports a $β^\text{p}$ phase of indium selenide showing ferroelectricity over large areas at room temperature in a low-dimensional limit. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_03977 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A van der Waals material exhibiting room temperature broken inversion symmetry with ferroelectricity Athena, Fabia F. Voigt, Cooper A. Tian, Mengkun Goswami, Anjan Toph, Emily Nnaji, Moses Mammo, Fanuel Wagner, Brent K. Jeon, Sungho Cai, Wenshan Vogel, Eric M. Materials Science Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Applied Physics Since the initial synthesis of van der Waals two-dimensional indium selenide was first documented in 1957, five distinct polymorphs and their corresponding polytypes have been identified. In this study, we report a unique phase of indium selenide via Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) analysis in the synthesized large-area films -- which we have named the $β^\text{p}$ phase. The quintuple layers of the $β^\text{p}$ phase, characterized by a unique zigzag atomic configuration with unequal indium-selenium bond lengths from the middle selenium atom, are distinct from any other previously reported phase of indium selenide. Cross-sectional STEM analysis has revealed that the $β^\text{p}$ layers exhibit intralayer shifting. We found that indium selenide films with $β^\text{p}$ layers display electric-field-induced switchable polarization characteristic of ferroelectric materials, suggesting the breaking of the inversion symmetry. Experimental observations of nonlinear optical phenomena -- Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) responses further support this conclusion. This study reports a $β^\text{p}$ phase of indium selenide showing ferroelectricity over large areas at room temperature in a low-dimensional limit. |
| title | A van der Waals material exhibiting room temperature broken inversion symmetry with ferroelectricity |
| topic | Materials Science Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03977 |