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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04456 |
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| _version_ | 1866913103345614848 |
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| author | Budner, Tamas Friedman, Moshe Sun, Lijie Wrede, Christopher Brown, B. Alex Pérez-Loureiro, David Surbrook, Jason Adams, Alexander Ayyad, Yassid Bardayan, Daniel W. Chae, Kyungyuk Chen, Alan A. Chipps, Kelly A. Cortesi, Marco Glassman, Brent Hall, Matthew R. Janasik, Molly Liang, Johnson O'Malley, Patrick Pollacco, Emanuel Psaltis, Athanasios Stomps, Jordan Wheeler, Tyler |
| author_facet | Budner, Tamas Friedman, Moshe Sun, Lijie Wrede, Christopher Brown, B. Alex Pérez-Loureiro, David Surbrook, Jason Adams, Alexander Ayyad, Yassid Bardayan, Daniel W. Chae, Kyungyuk Chen, Alan A. Chipps, Kelly A. Cortesi, Marco Glassman, Brent Hall, Matthew R. Janasik, Molly Liang, Johnson O'Malley, Patrick Pollacco, Emanuel Psaltis, Athanasios Stomps, Jordan Wheeler, Tyler |
| contents | Positron decays of proton-rich nuclides exhibit large $Q$ values, producing complex cascades which often involve various radiations, including protons and $γ$ rays. Often, only one of the two are measured in a single experiment, limiting the accuracy and completeness of the decay scheme. An example is $^{31}$Cl, for which protons and $γ$ rays have been measured in detail individually but never with substantial sensitivity to proton-$γ$ coincidences. The purpose of this work is to provide detailed measurements of $^{31}$Cl $β$-delayed proton decay including $β$-$p$-$γ$ sequences, extract spectroscopic information on $^{31}$S excited states as well as their $β$ feeding, and compare to shell-model calculations. A fast, fragmented beam of $^{31}$Cl provided was deposited in the Gaseous Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) system. GADGET's gas-filled Proton Detector was used to detect $β$-delayed protons, and the Segmented Germanium Array (SeGA) was used to detect $β$-delayed $γ$ rays. Up to 20 previously unobserved $β$-delayed proton transitions have been discovered, most of which populate excited states of $^{30}$P. Here present the first detailed $^{31}$Cl($βp γ$)$^{30}$P decay scheme and find improved agreement with theoretical calculations of the Gamow-Teller strength distribution for $^{31}$S excitation energies $7.5 < E_x < 9.5$ MeV. The present work demonstrates that the capability to detect $β$-delayed protons and $γ$ rays in coincidence is essential to construct accurate positron decay schemes for comparison to theoretical nuclear structure calculations. In some respects, this phenomenon for $β$-delayed protons resembles the pandemonium effect originally introduced for $β$-delayed $γ$ rays. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_04456 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | $β$-Delayed Proton Pandemonium: A first look at the $^{31}$Cl($βp γ$)$^{30}$P decay scheme Budner, Tamas Friedman, Moshe Sun, Lijie Wrede, Christopher Brown, B. Alex Pérez-Loureiro, David Surbrook, Jason Adams, Alexander Ayyad, Yassid Bardayan, Daniel W. Chae, Kyungyuk Chen, Alan A. Chipps, Kelly A. Cortesi, Marco Glassman, Brent Hall, Matthew R. Janasik, Molly Liang, Johnson O'Malley, Patrick Pollacco, Emanuel Psaltis, Athanasios Stomps, Jordan Wheeler, Tyler Nuclear Experiment Nuclear Theory Positron decays of proton-rich nuclides exhibit large $Q$ values, producing complex cascades which often involve various radiations, including protons and $γ$ rays. Often, only one of the two are measured in a single experiment, limiting the accuracy and completeness of the decay scheme. An example is $^{31}$Cl, for which protons and $γ$ rays have been measured in detail individually but never with substantial sensitivity to proton-$γ$ coincidences. The purpose of this work is to provide detailed measurements of $^{31}$Cl $β$-delayed proton decay including $β$-$p$-$γ$ sequences, extract spectroscopic information on $^{31}$S excited states as well as their $β$ feeding, and compare to shell-model calculations. A fast, fragmented beam of $^{31}$Cl provided was deposited in the Gaseous Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) system. GADGET's gas-filled Proton Detector was used to detect $β$-delayed protons, and the Segmented Germanium Array (SeGA) was used to detect $β$-delayed $γ$ rays. Up to 20 previously unobserved $β$-delayed proton transitions have been discovered, most of which populate excited states of $^{30}$P. Here present the first detailed $^{31}$Cl($βp γ$)$^{30}$P decay scheme and find improved agreement with theoretical calculations of the Gamow-Teller strength distribution for $^{31}$S excitation energies $7.5 < E_x < 9.5$ MeV. The present work demonstrates that the capability to detect $β$-delayed protons and $γ$ rays in coincidence is essential to construct accurate positron decay schemes for comparison to theoretical nuclear structure calculations. In some respects, this phenomenon for $β$-delayed protons resembles the pandemonium effect originally introduced for $β$-delayed $γ$ rays. |
| title | $β$-Delayed Proton Pandemonium: A first look at the $^{31}$Cl($βp γ$)$^{30}$P decay scheme |
| topic | Nuclear Experiment Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04456 |