Lumos: Performance Characterization of WebAssembly as a Serverless Runtime in the Edge-Cloud Continuum
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arXiv
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866912632401821696 |
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| author | Marcelino, Cynthia Krennmair, Noah Pusztai, Thomas Nastic, Stefan |
| author_facet | Marcelino, Cynthia Krennmair, Noah Pusztai, Thomas Nastic, Stefan |
| contents | WebAssembly has emerged as a lightweight and portable runtime to execute serverless functions, particularly in heterogeneous and resource-constrained environments such as the Edge Cloud Continuum. However, the performance benefits versus trade-offs remain insufficiently understood. This paper presents Lumos, a performance model and benchmarking tool for characterizing serverless runtimes. Lumos identifies workload, system, and environment-level performance drivers in the Edge-Cloud Continuum. We benchmark state-of-the-art containers and the Wasm runtime in interpreted mode and with ahead-of-time compilation. Our performance characterization shows that AoT-compiled Wasm images are up to 30x smaller and decrease cold-start latency by up to 16% compared to containers, while interpreted Wasm suffers up to 55x higher warm latency and up to 10x I/O-serialization overhead. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_05118 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Lumos: Performance Characterization of WebAssembly as a Serverless Runtime in the Edge-Cloud Continuum Marcelino, Cynthia Krennmair, Noah Pusztai, Thomas Nastic, Stefan Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing WebAssembly has emerged as a lightweight and portable runtime to execute serverless functions, particularly in heterogeneous and resource-constrained environments such as the Edge Cloud Continuum. However, the performance benefits versus trade-offs remain insufficiently understood. This paper presents Lumos, a performance model and benchmarking tool for characterizing serverless runtimes. Lumos identifies workload, system, and environment-level performance drivers in the Edge-Cloud Continuum. We benchmark state-of-the-art containers and the Wasm runtime in interpreted mode and with ahead-of-time compilation. Our performance characterization shows that AoT-compiled Wasm images are up to 30x smaller and decrease cold-start latency by up to 16% compared to containers, while interpreted Wasm suffers up to 55x higher warm latency and up to 10x I/O-serialization overhead. |
| title | Lumos: Performance Characterization of WebAssembly as a Serverless Runtime in the Edge-Cloud Continuum |
| topic | Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05118 |