Towards Structured Knowledge: Advancing Triple Extraction from Regional Trade Agreements using Large Language Models

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Main Authors: Nandini, Durgesh, Koch, Rebekka, Schoenfeld, Mirco
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Nandini, Durgesh
Koch, Rebekka
Schoenfeld, Mirco
author_facet Nandini, Durgesh
Koch, Rebekka
Schoenfeld, Mirco
contents This study investigates the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) for the extraction of structured knowledge in the form of Subject-Predicate-Object triples. We apply the setup for the domain of Economics application. The findings can be applied to a wide range of scenarios, including the creation of economic trade knowledge graphs from natural language legal trade agreement texts. As a use case, we apply the model to regional trade agreement texts to extract trade-related information triples. In particular, we explore the zero-shot, one-shot and few-shot prompting techniques, incorporating positive and negative examples, and evaluate their performance based on quantitative and qualitative metrics. Specifically, we used Llama 3.1 model to process the unstructured regional trade agreement texts and extract triples. We discuss key insights, challenges, and potential future directions, emphasizing the significance of language models in economic applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_05121
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Towards Structured Knowledge: Advancing Triple Extraction from Regional Trade Agreements using Large Language Models
Nandini, Durgesh
Koch, Rebekka
Schoenfeld, Mirco
Computation and Language
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Information Retrieval
Machine Learning
This study investigates the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) for the extraction of structured knowledge in the form of Subject-Predicate-Object triples. We apply the setup for the domain of Economics application. The findings can be applied to a wide range of scenarios, including the creation of economic trade knowledge graphs from natural language legal trade agreement texts. As a use case, we apply the model to regional trade agreement texts to extract trade-related information triples. In particular, we explore the zero-shot, one-shot and few-shot prompting techniques, incorporating positive and negative examples, and evaluate their performance based on quantitative and qualitative metrics. Specifically, we used Llama 3.1 model to process the unstructured regional trade agreement texts and extract triples. We discuss key insights, challenges, and potential future directions, emphasizing the significance of language models in economic applications.
title Towards Structured Knowledge: Advancing Triple Extraction from Regional Trade Agreements using Large Language Models
topic Computation and Language
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Information Retrieval
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05121