Intrinsically Quantum Effects of Axion Dark Matter are Undetectable

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Bao, Yunjia, Cheong, Dhong Yeon, Rodd, Nicholas L., Takach, Joey, Wang, Lian-Tao, Zhou, Kevin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Bao, Yunjia
Cheong, Dhong Yeon
Rodd, Nicholas L.
Takach, Joey
Wang, Lian-Tao
Zhou, Kevin
author_facet Bao, Yunjia
Cheong, Dhong Yeon
Rodd, Nicholas L.
Takach, Joey
Wang, Lian-Tao
Zhou, Kevin
contents Is the usual treatment of axion dark matter as a classical field reliable? We show that the answer is subtle: the axion field could well be in a quantum state that has no complete classical description, but realistic detectors cannot tell the difference. To see this, we solve a fully quantum model of axion detection using quantum optics techniques. We show that intrinsically quantum effects are washed out by mode averaging or small amounts of noise, and significantly suppressed by the weakness of the axion coupling. Our work exemplifies that there should always be a classical analog for axion dark matter effects, extends to other wave (ultralight) dark-matter candidates, and gives a general method to compute the effects of exotic dark-matter states.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_05198
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Intrinsically Quantum Effects of Axion Dark Matter are Undetectable
Bao, Yunjia
Cheong, Dhong Yeon
Rodd, Nicholas L.
Takach, Joey
Wang, Lian-Tao
Zhou, Kevin
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Experiment
High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum Physics
Is the usual treatment of axion dark matter as a classical field reliable? We show that the answer is subtle: the axion field could well be in a quantum state that has no complete classical description, but realistic detectors cannot tell the difference. To see this, we solve a fully quantum model of axion detection using quantum optics techniques. We show that intrinsically quantum effects are washed out by mode averaging or small amounts of noise, and significantly suppressed by the weakness of the axion coupling. Our work exemplifies that there should always be a classical analog for axion dark matter effects, extends to other wave (ultralight) dark-matter candidates, and gives a general method to compute the effects of exotic dark-matter states.
title Intrinsically Quantum Effects of Axion Dark Matter are Undetectable
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Experiment
High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05198