The End of Transformers? On Challenging Attention and the Rise of Sub-Quadratic Architectures

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Fichtl, Alexander M., Bohn, Jeremias, Kelber, Josefin, Mosca, Edoardo, Groh, Georg
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Fichtl, Alexander M.
Bohn, Jeremias
Kelber, Josefin
Mosca, Edoardo
Groh, Georg
author_facet Fichtl, Alexander M.
Bohn, Jeremias
Kelber, Josefin
Mosca, Edoardo
Groh, Georg
contents Transformers have dominated sequence processing tasks for the past seven years -- most notably language modeling. However, the inherent quadratic complexity of their attention mechanism remains a significant bottleneck as context length increases. This paper surveys recent efforts to overcome this bottleneck, including advances in (sub-quadratic) attention variants, recurrent neural networks, state space models, and hybrid architectures. We critically analyze these approaches in terms of compute and memory complexity, benchmark results, and fundamental limitations to assess whether the dominance of pure-attention transformers may soon be challenged.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_05364
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The End of Transformers? On Challenging Attention and the Rise of Sub-Quadratic Architectures
Fichtl, Alexander M.
Bohn, Jeremias
Kelber, Josefin
Mosca, Edoardo
Groh, Georg
Computation and Language
Transformers have dominated sequence processing tasks for the past seven years -- most notably language modeling. However, the inherent quadratic complexity of their attention mechanism remains a significant bottleneck as context length increases. This paper surveys recent efforts to overcome this bottleneck, including advances in (sub-quadratic) attention variants, recurrent neural networks, state space models, and hybrid architectures. We critically analyze these approaches in terms of compute and memory complexity, benchmark results, and fundamental limitations to assess whether the dominance of pure-attention transformers may soon be challenged.
title The End of Transformers? On Challenging Attention and the Rise of Sub-Quadratic Architectures
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05364