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Main Authors: Collins, Karen L., Galvin, David, Kelley, Christine A., McMillon, Emily, Redlich, Amanda
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05372
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author Collins, Karen L.
Galvin, David
Kelley, Christine A.
McMillon, Emily
Redlich, Amanda
author_facet Collins, Karen L.
Galvin, David
Kelley, Christine A.
McMillon, Emily
Redlich, Amanda
contents Graphs that are squares under the gluing algebra arise in the study of homomorphism density inequalities such as Sidorenko's conjecture. Recent work has focused on these homomorphism density applications. This paper takes a new perspective and focuses on the graph properties of arbitrary square graphs, not only those relevant to homomorphism conjectures and theorems. We develop a set of necessary and/or sufficient conditions for a graph to be square. We apply these conditions to categorize several classical families of graphs as square or not. In addition, we create infinite families of square graphs by proving that joins and Cartesian, direct, strong, and lexicographic products of square graphs with arbitrary graphs are square.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_05372
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Characterizing Graphs as Algebraic Squares
Collins, Karen L.
Galvin, David
Kelley, Christine A.
McMillon, Emily
Redlich, Amanda
Combinatorics
05C75 (Primary), 05C76 (Secondary)
Graphs that are squares under the gluing algebra arise in the study of homomorphism density inequalities such as Sidorenko's conjecture. Recent work has focused on these homomorphism density applications. This paper takes a new perspective and focuses on the graph properties of arbitrary square graphs, not only those relevant to homomorphism conjectures and theorems. We develop a set of necessary and/or sufficient conditions for a graph to be square. We apply these conditions to categorize several classical families of graphs as square or not. In addition, we create infinite families of square graphs by proving that joins and Cartesian, direct, strong, and lexicographic products of square graphs with arbitrary graphs are square.
title Characterizing Graphs as Algebraic Squares
topic Combinatorics
05C75 (Primary), 05C76 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05372