On the Formation of GW231123 in Population III Star Clusters

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Shuai, Wang, Long, Tanikawa, Ataru, Wu, Weiwei, Fujii, Michiko S.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866908637305241600
author Liu, Shuai
Wang, Long
Tanikawa, Ataru
Wu, Weiwei
Fujii, Michiko S.
author_facet Liu, Shuai
Wang, Long
Tanikawa, Ataru
Wu, Weiwei
Fujii, Michiko S.
contents GW231123 is a binary black hole merger whose primary component lies within or above the pair-instability mass gap, while the secondary component falls within this gap. The standard theory of stellar evolution is significantly challenged by this event. We investigate the formation of candidate progenitors of GW231123 in Population III (Pop III) star clusters. We find that they could form through stellar mergers, binary black hole mergers, and mixed mergers. The mass distribution of these candidate progenitors covers the component masses of GW231123. Under our model assumptions, their predicted merger rate density spans the range of $0.001-0.26{\rm Gpc^{-3}yr^{-1}}$, encompassing that of GW231123. These findings suggest that GW231123 may originate from Pop III star clusters. Furthermore, such candidate progenitors are expected to be detectable by future gravitational wave detectors LISA/Taiji/TianQin/DECIGO/Cosmic Explorer/Einstein Telescope, which would provide valuable insights into the formation scenarios of events like GW231123.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_05634
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the Formation of GW231123 in Population III Star Clusters
Liu, Shuai
Wang, Long
Tanikawa, Ataru
Wu, Weiwei
Fujii, Michiko S.
Astrophysics of Galaxies
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
High Energy Physics - Theory
GW231123 is a binary black hole merger whose primary component lies within or above the pair-instability mass gap, while the secondary component falls within this gap. The standard theory of stellar evolution is significantly challenged by this event. We investigate the formation of candidate progenitors of GW231123 in Population III (Pop III) star clusters. We find that they could form through stellar mergers, binary black hole mergers, and mixed mergers. The mass distribution of these candidate progenitors covers the component masses of GW231123. Under our model assumptions, their predicted merger rate density spans the range of $0.001-0.26{\rm Gpc^{-3}yr^{-1}}$, encompassing that of GW231123. These findings suggest that GW231123 may originate from Pop III star clusters. Furthermore, such candidate progenitors are expected to be detectable by future gravitational wave detectors LISA/Taiji/TianQin/DECIGO/Cosmic Explorer/Einstein Telescope, which would provide valuable insights into the formation scenarios of events like GW231123.
title On the Formation of GW231123 in Population III Star Clusters
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05634