Recovery of the second law in fully quantum thermodynamics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Shiraishi, Naoto, Takagi, Ryuji
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Shiraishi, Naoto
Takagi, Ryuji
author_facet Shiraishi, Naoto
Takagi, Ryuji
contents Quantum thermodynamics investigates how robust the second law of thermodynamics serves as the unique fundamental law in the small quantum world. To tackle this problem, the quantum coherence constitutes a major difficulty of investigations, which provides severe constraints hindering the recovery of a single thermodynamic potential. Here we solve this long-standing problem of quantum information theory by revealing that the state convertibility under thermal operations is fully characterized by the second law of thermodynamics. Specifically, we prove that whether a quantum state with quantum coherence is convertible to another by a thermal operation with a correlated catalyst is completely determined by the free energy ordering. Unlike previous attempts, our setting does not resort to any additional external coherent assist, providing a faithful operational characterization of thermodynamic state transformation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_05642
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Recovery of the second law in fully quantum thermodynamics
Shiraishi, Naoto
Takagi, Ryuji
Quantum Physics
Statistical Mechanics
Quantum thermodynamics investigates how robust the second law of thermodynamics serves as the unique fundamental law in the small quantum world. To tackle this problem, the quantum coherence constitutes a major difficulty of investigations, which provides severe constraints hindering the recovery of a single thermodynamic potential. Here we solve this long-standing problem of quantum information theory by revealing that the state convertibility under thermal operations is fully characterized by the second law of thermodynamics. Specifically, we prove that whether a quantum state with quantum coherence is convertible to another by a thermal operation with a correlated catalyst is completely determined by the free energy ordering. Unlike previous attempts, our setting does not resort to any additional external coherent assist, providing a faithful operational characterization of thermodynamic state transformation.
title Recovery of the second law in fully quantum thermodynamics
topic Quantum Physics
Statistical Mechanics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05642