Rare Transients in Nearby Galaxies Explain Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866918234128646144 |
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| author | Bartos, Imre Kowalski, Marek |
| author_facet | Bartos, Imre Kowalski, Marek |
| contents | The origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays remains one of the central open questions in astroparticle physics. Recent measurements reveal anisotropies in arrival directions, a rigidity-dependent composition dominated by intermediate-mass nuclei, and striking hemispheric differences in the energy spectra. Here we show that \emph{rare transients in nearby galaxies} can naturally account for these features. In our fiducial neutron-star merger model, the cosmic ray flux above $25$~EeV is dominated by ten nearby galaxies within $8\,$Mpc. This accounts for the observed hotspots: seven of the ten brightest galaxies coincide with reported excess regions, a chance probability of $p\sim0.001$. Nearby transients can also explain the spectral excess of TA over Auger and modify the rigidity--aligned succession of isotopes. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_06193 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Rare Transients in Nearby Galaxies Explain Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays Bartos, Imre Kowalski, Marek High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena The origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays remains one of the central open questions in astroparticle physics. Recent measurements reveal anisotropies in arrival directions, a rigidity-dependent composition dominated by intermediate-mass nuclei, and striking hemispheric differences in the energy spectra. Here we show that \emph{rare transients in nearby galaxies} can naturally account for these features. In our fiducial neutron-star merger model, the cosmic ray flux above $25$~EeV is dominated by ten nearby galaxies within $8\,$Mpc. This accounts for the observed hotspots: seven of the ten brightest galaxies coincide with reported excess regions, a chance probability of $p\sim0.001$. Nearby transients can also explain the spectral excess of TA over Auger and modify the rigidity--aligned succession of isotopes. |
| title | Rare Transients in Nearby Galaxies Explain Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06193 |