Scalable multilingual PII annotation for responsible AI in LLMs

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Meena, Bharti, Skubisz, Joanna, Rajgarhia, Harshit, Dave, Nand, Ganesh, Kiran, Dalmia, Shivali, Mukherji, Abhishek, Sundarababu, Vasudevan
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Meena, Bharti
Skubisz, Joanna
Rajgarhia, Harshit
Dave, Nand
Ganesh, Kiran
Dalmia, Shivali
Mukherji, Abhishek
Sundarababu, Vasudevan
author_facet Meena, Bharti
Skubisz, Joanna
Rajgarhia, Harshit
Dave, Nand
Ganesh, Kiran
Dalmia, Shivali
Mukherji, Abhishek
Sundarababu, Vasudevan
contents As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain wider adoption, ensuring their reliable handling of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) across diverse regulatory contexts has become essential. This work introduces a scalable multilingual data curation framework designed for high-quality PII annotation across 13 underrepresented locales, covering approximately 336 locale-specific PII types. Our phased, human-in-the-loop annotation methodology combines linguistic expertise with rigorous quality assurance, leading to substantial improvements in recall and false positive rates from pilot, training, and production phases. By leveraging inter-annotator agreement metrics and root-cause analysis, the framework systematically uncovers and resolves annotation inconsistencies, resulting in high-fidelity datasets suitable for supervised LLM fine-tuning. Beyond reporting empirical gains, we highlight common annotator challenges in multilingual PII labeling and demonstrate how iterative, analytics-driven pipelines can enhance both annotation quality and downstream model reliability.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_06250
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Scalable multilingual PII annotation for responsible AI in LLMs
Meena, Bharti
Skubisz, Joanna
Rajgarhia, Harshit
Dave, Nand
Ganesh, Kiran
Dalmia, Shivali
Mukherji, Abhishek
Sundarababu, Vasudevan
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain wider adoption, ensuring their reliable handling of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) across diverse regulatory contexts has become essential. This work introduces a scalable multilingual data curation framework designed for high-quality PII annotation across 13 underrepresented locales, covering approximately 336 locale-specific PII types. Our phased, human-in-the-loop annotation methodology combines linguistic expertise with rigorous quality assurance, leading to substantial improvements in recall and false positive rates from pilot, training, and production phases. By leveraging inter-annotator agreement metrics and root-cause analysis, the framework systematically uncovers and resolves annotation inconsistencies, resulting in high-fidelity datasets suitable for supervised LLM fine-tuning. Beyond reporting empirical gains, we highlight common annotator challenges in multilingual PII labeling and demonstrate how iterative, analytics-driven pipelines can enhance both annotation quality and downstream model reliability.
title Scalable multilingual PII annotation for responsible AI in LLMs
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06250