Language models for longitudinal analysis of abusive content in Billboard Music Charts

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Chandra, Rohitash, Suresh, Yathin, Sinha, Divyansh Raj, Jindal, Sanchit
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Chandra, Rohitash
Suresh, Yathin
Sinha, Divyansh Raj
Jindal, Sanchit
author_facet Chandra, Rohitash
Suresh, Yathin
Sinha, Divyansh Raj
Jindal, Sanchit
contents There is no doubt that there has been a drastic increase in abusive and sexually explicit content in music, particularly in Billboard Music Charts. However, there is a lack of studies that validate the trend for effective policy development, as such content has harmful behavioural changes in children and youths. In this study, we utilise deep learning methods to analyse songs (lyrics) from Billboard Charts of the United States in the last seven decades. We provide a longitudinal study using deep learning and language models and review the evolution of content using sentiment analysis and abuse detection, including sexually explicit content. Our results show a significant rise in explicit content in popular music from 1990 onwards. Furthermore, we find an increasing prevalence of songs with lyrics containing profane, sexually explicit, and otherwise inappropriate language. The longitudinal analysis of the ability of language models to capture nuanced patterns in lyrical content, reflecting shifts in societal norms and language use over time.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_06266
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Language models for longitudinal analysis of abusive content in Billboard Music Charts
Chandra, Rohitash
Suresh, Yathin
Sinha, Divyansh Raj
Jindal, Sanchit
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
There is no doubt that there has been a drastic increase in abusive and sexually explicit content in music, particularly in Billboard Music Charts. However, there is a lack of studies that validate the trend for effective policy development, as such content has harmful behavioural changes in children and youths. In this study, we utilise deep learning methods to analyse songs (lyrics) from Billboard Charts of the United States in the last seven decades. We provide a longitudinal study using deep learning and language models and review the evolution of content using sentiment analysis and abuse detection, including sexually explicit content. Our results show a significant rise in explicit content in popular music from 1990 onwards. Furthermore, we find an increasing prevalence of songs with lyrics containing profane, sexually explicit, and otherwise inappropriate language. The longitudinal analysis of the ability of language models to capture nuanced patterns in lyrical content, reflecting shifts in societal norms and language use over time.
title Language models for longitudinal analysis of abusive content in Billboard Music Charts
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06266