Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kudler-Flam, Jonah, Witten, Edward
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06376
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866917044401733632
author Kudler-Flam, Jonah
Witten, Edward
author_facet Kudler-Flam, Jonah
Witten, Edward
contents We examine the behavior of sequences of states in the large $N$ limit of AdS/CFT duality in cases in which the bulk duals involve baby universes or black holes. Such sequences generally fail to converge as pure states. Under suitable conditions, such as diverging coarse-grained entropy, they can converge to mixed states for the large $N$ algebra, as in the case of black holes. For Euclidean preparations that produce baby universes, the sequences do not converge, due to wormhole contributions, and so these states cannot admit large $N$ limits. Nevertheless, appropriate averaging over $N$ can lead to convergence to a mixed state. The associated algebras have nontrivial commutants, which can possibly be interpreted as operators in the baby universe.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_06376
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Emergent Mixed States for Baby Universes and Black Holes
Kudler-Flam, Jonah
Witten, Edward
High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum Physics
We examine the behavior of sequences of states in the large $N$ limit of AdS/CFT duality in cases in which the bulk duals involve baby universes or black holes. Such sequences generally fail to converge as pure states. Under suitable conditions, such as diverging coarse-grained entropy, they can converge to mixed states for the large $N$ algebra, as in the case of black holes. For Euclidean preparations that produce baby universes, the sequences do not converge, due to wormhole contributions, and so these states cannot admit large $N$ limits. Nevertheless, appropriate averaging over $N$ can lead to convergence to a mixed state. The associated algebras have nontrivial commutants, which can possibly be interpreted as operators in the baby universe.
title Emergent Mixed States for Baby Universes and Black Holes
topic High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06376