Bayesian Modelling of Multi-Year Crop Type Classification Using Deep Neural Networks and Hidden Markov Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Perantoni, Gianmarco, Weikmann, Giulio, Bruzzone, Lorenzo
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Perantoni, Gianmarco
Weikmann, Giulio
Bruzzone, Lorenzo
author_facet Perantoni, Gianmarco
Weikmann, Giulio
Bruzzone, Lorenzo
contents The temporal consistency of yearly land-cover maps is of great importance to model the evolution and change of the land cover over the years. In this paper, we focus the attention on a novel approach to classification of yearly satellite image time series (SITS) that combines deep learning with Bayesian modelling, using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) integrated with Transformer Encoder (TE) based DNNs. The proposed approach aims to capture both i) intricate temporal correlations in yearly SITS and ii) specific patterns in multiyear crop type sequences. It leverages the cascade classification of an HMM layer built on top of the TE, discerning consistent yearly crop-type sequences. Validation on a multiyear crop type classification dataset spanning 47 crop types and six years of Sentinel-2 acquisitions demonstrates the importance of modelling temporal consistency in the predicted labels. HMMs enhance the overall performance and F1 scores, emphasising the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_07008
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bayesian Modelling of Multi-Year Crop Type Classification Using Deep Neural Networks and Hidden Markov Models
Perantoni, Gianmarco
Weikmann, Giulio
Bruzzone, Lorenzo
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
The temporal consistency of yearly land-cover maps is of great importance to model the evolution and change of the land cover over the years. In this paper, we focus the attention on a novel approach to classification of yearly satellite image time series (SITS) that combines deep learning with Bayesian modelling, using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) integrated with Transformer Encoder (TE) based DNNs. The proposed approach aims to capture both i) intricate temporal correlations in yearly SITS and ii) specific patterns in multiyear crop type sequences. It leverages the cascade classification of an HMM layer built on top of the TE, discerning consistent yearly crop-type sequences. Validation on a multiyear crop type classification dataset spanning 47 crop types and six years of Sentinel-2 acquisitions demonstrates the importance of modelling temporal consistency in the predicted labels. HMMs enhance the overall performance and F1 scores, emphasising the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
title Bayesian Modelling of Multi-Year Crop Type Classification Using Deep Neural Networks and Hidden Markov Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07008