Chaotic Motion of Ions In Finite-amplitude Low-frequency Alfvén Waves

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Peng, Jingyu, He, Jiansen, Lin, Rong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Peng, Jingyu
He, Jiansen
Lin, Rong
author_facet Peng, Jingyu
He, Jiansen
Lin, Rong
contents Finite-amplitude low-frequency Alfvén waves (AWs) are ubiquitous in space plasmas, where they play a key role in the transport and dissipation of energy, particularly in the heating of ions in the solar corona and solar wind. In this study, we investigate the nonlinear interaction between ions and obliquely propagating AWs. When the wave amplitude and propagation angle lie within specific ranges, ion motion becomes chaotic. We quantify this behavior using the maximum Lyapunov exponent ($λ_{\mathrm{m}}$) and define a new parameter, the Chaos Ratio (CR), to describe the fraction of chaotic particles across different initial states. The global chaos threshold is determined as the contour CR = 0.01. Analysis of magnetic moment variations reveals that the physical origin of chaos is pitch-angle scattering induced by \textit{wave-driven field-line curvature} (WFLC), which disrupts adiabatic invariance and leads to stochastic ion energization. The onset condition for chaos can be expressed by an effective relative curvature radius, $P_{eff.} < 25$. This analytical criterion delineates the boundary of the chaotic region in the ($k_x$, $k_z$, $B_w$) parameter space and agrees well with numerical results. The identified WFLC mechanism provides a new physical pathway for converting macroscale Alfvénic disturbances into microscopic ion heating. \textbf{This analysis offers a simplified model that illustrates a plausible ion energization mechanism in Alfvénic turbulent plasmas}, including those associated with solar wind switchbacks and coronal fluctuations. These results highlight a universal chaotic process that may underlie stochastic heating in heliospheric and astrophysical plasmas.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_07144
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Chaotic Motion of Ions In Finite-amplitude Low-frequency Alfvén Waves
Peng, Jingyu
He, Jiansen
Lin, Rong
Plasma Physics
Finite-amplitude low-frequency Alfvén waves (AWs) are ubiquitous in space plasmas, where they play a key role in the transport and dissipation of energy, particularly in the heating of ions in the solar corona and solar wind. In this study, we investigate the nonlinear interaction between ions and obliquely propagating AWs. When the wave amplitude and propagation angle lie within specific ranges, ion motion becomes chaotic. We quantify this behavior using the maximum Lyapunov exponent ($λ_{\mathrm{m}}$) and define a new parameter, the Chaos Ratio (CR), to describe the fraction of chaotic particles across different initial states. The global chaos threshold is determined as the contour CR = 0.01. Analysis of magnetic moment variations reveals that the physical origin of chaos is pitch-angle scattering induced by \textit{wave-driven field-line curvature} (WFLC), which disrupts adiabatic invariance and leads to stochastic ion energization. The onset condition for chaos can be expressed by an effective relative curvature radius, $P_{eff.} < 25$. This analytical criterion delineates the boundary of the chaotic region in the ($k_x$, $k_z$, $B_w$) parameter space and agrees well with numerical results. The identified WFLC mechanism provides a new physical pathway for converting macroscale Alfvénic disturbances into microscopic ion heating. \textbf{This analysis offers a simplified model that illustrates a plausible ion energization mechanism in Alfvénic turbulent plasmas}, including those associated with solar wind switchbacks and coronal fluctuations. These results highlight a universal chaotic process that may underlie stochastic heating in heliospheric and astrophysical plasmas.
title Chaotic Motion of Ions In Finite-amplitude Low-frequency Alfvén Waves
topic Plasma Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07144