Clifford testing: algorithms and lower bounds

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hinsche, Marcel, Bao, Zongbo, van Dordrecht, Philippe, Eisert, Jens, Briët, Jop, Helsen, Jonas
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Hinsche, Marcel
Bao, Zongbo
van Dordrecht, Philippe
Eisert, Jens
Briët, Jop
Helsen, Jonas
author_facet Hinsche, Marcel
Bao, Zongbo
van Dordrecht, Philippe
Eisert, Jens
Briët, Jop
Helsen, Jonas
contents We consider the problem of Clifford testing, which asks whether a black-box $n$-qubit unitary is a Clifford unitary or at least $\varepsilon$-far from every Clifford unitary. We give the first 4-query Clifford tester, which decides this problem with probability $\mathrm{poly}(\varepsilon)$. This contrasts with the minimum of 6 copies required for the closely-related task of stabilizer testing. We show that our tester is tolerant, by adapting techniques from tolerant stabilizer testing to our setting. In doing so, we settle in the positive a conjecture of Bu, Gu and Jaffe, by proving a polynomial inverse theorem for a non-commutative Gowers 3-uniformity norm. We also consider the restricted setting of single-copy access, where we give an $O(n)$-query Clifford tester that requires no auxiliary memory qubits or adaptivity. We complement this with a lower bound, proving that any such, potentially adaptive, single-copy algorithm needs at least $Ω(n^{1/4})$ queries. To obtain our results, we leverage the structure of the commutant of the Clifford group, obtaining several technical statements that may be of independent interest.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_07164
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Clifford testing: algorithms and lower bounds
Hinsche, Marcel
Bao, Zongbo
van Dordrecht, Philippe
Eisert, Jens
Briët, Jop
Helsen, Jonas
Quantum Physics
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
We consider the problem of Clifford testing, which asks whether a black-box $n$-qubit unitary is a Clifford unitary or at least $\varepsilon$-far from every Clifford unitary. We give the first 4-query Clifford tester, which decides this problem with probability $\mathrm{poly}(\varepsilon)$. This contrasts with the minimum of 6 copies required for the closely-related task of stabilizer testing. We show that our tester is tolerant, by adapting techniques from tolerant stabilizer testing to our setting. In doing so, we settle in the positive a conjecture of Bu, Gu and Jaffe, by proving a polynomial inverse theorem for a non-commutative Gowers 3-uniformity norm. We also consider the restricted setting of single-copy access, where we give an $O(n)$-query Clifford tester that requires no auxiliary memory qubits or adaptivity. We complement this with a lower bound, proving that any such, potentially adaptive, single-copy algorithm needs at least $Ω(n^{1/4})$ queries. To obtain our results, we leverage the structure of the commutant of the Clifford group, obtaining several technical statements that may be of independent interest.
title Clifford testing: algorithms and lower bounds
topic Quantum Physics
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07164