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Main Authors: Cheng, Xiaoqiang, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Qiaoya
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08135
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author Cheng, Xiaoqiang
Wu, Jianfeng
Wu, Qiaoya
author_facet Cheng, Xiaoqiang
Wu, Jianfeng
Wu, Qiaoya
contents Weak-line quasars (WLQs) are a subset of type 1 quasars with remarkably weak high-ionization broad emission lines but normal optical/UV continua. Using 371,091 quasars from SDSS DR16, we define WLQs by analyzing outliers in three relations: the L1350-CIV blueshift, the Baldwin effect, and the logL2500-alpha_ox. We find two CIV EW thresholds: $8.9\pm0.2$Å and $19.3\pm0.3$Å. WLQs (EW(CIV)<$8.9\pm0.2$Å) have enhanced CIV blueshifts, deviate from the Baldwin effect, and include many X-ray weak objects (nearly half). Normal quasars (EW(CIV)>$19.3\pm0.3$Å) show typical properties, while bridge quasars (intermediate EW) are transitional. WLQs show a positive correlation between line attenuation and ionization energy: high-ionization lines (e.g., HeII, CIV) are suppressed by ~3-4σ compared to low-ionization lines (e.g., MgII, OI). This supports the shielding gas model, where a thick inner accretion disk obscures high-energy photons, suppressing high-ionization lines, while low-ionization lines are less affected. We suggest that WLQs and normal quasars correspond to slim and thin disk regimes, respectively, with bridge quasars as a transitional phase. This work provides a unified criterion for WLQs and highlights the role of accretion-driven shielding gas in their spectral features.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_08135
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Questing a Coherent Definition of Weak-line Quasars and its Physical Implications
Cheng, Xiaoqiang
Wu, Jianfeng
Wu, Qiaoya
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Weak-line quasars (WLQs) are a subset of type 1 quasars with remarkably weak high-ionization broad emission lines but normal optical/UV continua. Using 371,091 quasars from SDSS DR16, we define WLQs by analyzing outliers in three relations: the L1350-CIV blueshift, the Baldwin effect, and the logL2500-alpha_ox. We find two CIV EW thresholds: $8.9\pm0.2$Å and $19.3\pm0.3$Å. WLQs (EW(CIV)<$8.9\pm0.2$Å) have enhanced CIV blueshifts, deviate from the Baldwin effect, and include many X-ray weak objects (nearly half). Normal quasars (EW(CIV)>$19.3\pm0.3$Å) show typical properties, while bridge quasars (intermediate EW) are transitional. WLQs show a positive correlation between line attenuation and ionization energy: high-ionization lines (e.g., HeII, CIV) are suppressed by ~3-4σ compared to low-ionization lines (e.g., MgII, OI). This supports the shielding gas model, where a thick inner accretion disk obscures high-energy photons, suppressing high-ionization lines, while low-ionization lines are less affected. We suggest that WLQs and normal quasars correspond to slim and thin disk regimes, respectively, with bridge quasars as a transitional phase. This work provides a unified criterion for WLQs and highlights the role of accretion-driven shielding gas in their spectral features.
title Questing a Coherent Definition of Weak-line Quasars and its Physical Implications
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08135