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Main Authors: Liu, Mingxuan, Bai, Ge, Scarani, Valerio
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08447
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author Liu, Mingxuan
Bai, Ge
Scarani, Valerio
author_facet Liu, Mingxuan
Bai, Ge
Scarani, Valerio
contents Estimating the state of an open quantum system monitored over time requires incorporating information from past measurements (filtering) and, for improved accuracy, also from future measurements (smoothing). While classical smoothing is well-understood within Bayesian framework, its quantum generalization has been challenging, leading to distinct and seemingly incompatible approaches. In this work, we resolve this conceptual divide by developing a comprehensive retrodictive framework for quantum state smoothing. We demonstrate that existing theories are special cases within our formalism, corresponding to different extended prior beliefs. Our theory unifies the field and naturally extends it to a broader class of scenarios. We also explore the behavior of updates when using different priors with the same marginal and prove that the upper and lower bounds on average entropy of smoothed states are achieved by the Petz-Fuchs smoothed state and the CLHS smoothed state, respectively. Our results establish that quantum state smoothing is fundamentally a retrodictive process, finally bringing it into a closer analogy with classical smoothing.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_08447
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unifying Quantum Smoothing Theories with Extended Retrodiction
Liu, Mingxuan
Bai, Ge
Scarani, Valerio
Quantum Physics
Estimating the state of an open quantum system monitored over time requires incorporating information from past measurements (filtering) and, for improved accuracy, also from future measurements (smoothing). While classical smoothing is well-understood within Bayesian framework, its quantum generalization has been challenging, leading to distinct and seemingly incompatible approaches. In this work, we resolve this conceptual divide by developing a comprehensive retrodictive framework for quantum state smoothing. We demonstrate that existing theories are special cases within our formalism, corresponding to different extended prior beliefs. Our theory unifies the field and naturally extends it to a broader class of scenarios. We also explore the behavior of updates when using different priors with the same marginal and prove that the upper and lower bounds on average entropy of smoothed states are achieved by the Petz-Fuchs smoothed state and the CLHS smoothed state, respectively. Our results establish that quantum state smoothing is fundamentally a retrodictive process, finally bringing it into a closer analogy with classical smoothing.
title Unifying Quantum Smoothing Theories with Extended Retrodiction
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08447