PRAXA: A Grammar for What-If Analysis

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Gathani, Sneha, Li, Kevin, Thind, Raghav, Zeng, Sirui, Xu, Matthew, Haas, Peter J., Demiralp, Cagatay, Liu, Zhicheng
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Gathani, Sneha
Li, Kevin
Thind, Raghav
Zeng, Sirui
Xu, Matthew
Haas, Peter J.
Demiralp, Cagatay
Liu, Zhicheng
author_facet Gathani, Sneha
Li, Kevin
Thind, Raghav
Zeng, Sirui
Xu, Matthew
Haas, Peter J.
Demiralp, Cagatay
Liu, Zhicheng
contents What-if analysis is widely used to explore hypothetical scenarios and evaluate alternative pathways to desired results. However, current approaches are fragmented: systems implement what-if capabilities under diverse terminologies with different analytic techniques. Such fragmentation limits expressiveness, impedes flexible composition and reuse of workflows, and hinders tighter integration with AI. We present PRAXA, a compositional grammar of what-if analysis derived from recurring patterns across 141 publications in visual analytics and HCI venues. PRAXA formulates three primitives: (1) data, defining variables under analysis, (2) model, specifying predictive mechanisms, and (3) interaction operations-pairs of user actions and system responses that execute analyses. We encode PRAXA into a declarative specification language, PSL. To evaluate PRAXA, we first show expressiveness by reconstructing representative workflows from prior work as structured compositions, exposing the predominant focus on single-step rather than multi-step reasoning. Second, we demonstrate composability by revealing that capabilities described under distinct terminologies share the same grammatical structure with different parameterizations, and that new multi-step workflows emerge through composition. Third, we illustrate PSL as an intermediate representation for translating natural-language what-if queries into executable interactive interfaces, enabling inspection, validation, and more transparent AI integration. By unifying diverse what-if approaches as a grammar, PRAXA provides a foundation for analyzing, composing, and supporting workflows in next-generation what-if systems.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_09791
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle PRAXA: A Grammar for What-If Analysis
Gathani, Sneha
Li, Kevin
Thind, Raghav
Zeng, Sirui
Xu, Matthew
Haas, Peter J.
Demiralp, Cagatay
Liu, Zhicheng
Human-Computer Interaction
What-if analysis is widely used to explore hypothetical scenarios and evaluate alternative pathways to desired results. However, current approaches are fragmented: systems implement what-if capabilities under diverse terminologies with different analytic techniques. Such fragmentation limits expressiveness, impedes flexible composition and reuse of workflows, and hinders tighter integration with AI. We present PRAXA, a compositional grammar of what-if analysis derived from recurring patterns across 141 publications in visual analytics and HCI venues. PRAXA formulates three primitives: (1) data, defining variables under analysis, (2) model, specifying predictive mechanisms, and (3) interaction operations-pairs of user actions and system responses that execute analyses. We encode PRAXA into a declarative specification language, PSL. To evaluate PRAXA, we first show expressiveness by reconstructing representative workflows from prior work as structured compositions, exposing the predominant focus on single-step rather than multi-step reasoning. Second, we demonstrate composability by revealing that capabilities described under distinct terminologies share the same grammatical structure with different parameterizations, and that new multi-step workflows emerge through composition. Third, we illustrate PSL as an intermediate representation for translating natural-language what-if queries into executable interactive interfaces, enabling inspection, validation, and more transparent AI integration. By unifying diverse what-if approaches as a grammar, PRAXA provides a foundation for analyzing, composing, and supporting workflows in next-generation what-if systems.
title PRAXA: A Grammar for What-If Analysis
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09791