Cyber-Physical Systems on the Megawatt Scale: The impact of battery control on grid frequency stability
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866917004632391680 |
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| author | Hartmann, Carsten De Din, Edoardo Carta, Daniele Middelkoop, Florian Neubauer, Arndt Kruse, Johannes Oberhofer, Ulrich Jumar, Richard Schäfer, Benjamin Pesch, Thiemo Benigni, Andrea Witthaut, Dirk |
| author_facet | Hartmann, Carsten De Din, Edoardo Carta, Daniele Middelkoop, Florian Neubauer, Arndt Kruse, Johannes Oberhofer, Ulrich Jumar, Richard Schäfer, Benjamin Pesch, Thiemo Benigni, Andrea Witthaut, Dirk |
| contents | Electric power systems are undergoing fundamental change. The shift to inverter-based generation challenges frequency stability, while growing digitalisation heightens vulnerability to errors and attacks. Here we identify an emerging risk at the intersection of cyber-physical coupling and control system design. We show that grid frequency time series worldwide exhibit a persistent one-minute oscillatory pattern, whose origin has remained largely unexplained. We trace this pattern back to the energy management systems of battery electric storage systems and demonstrate that the pattern amplitude has increased substantially in the Nordic and British grids. We argue that this effect is a potential burden for stability in future grids with low inertia and an increasing penetration with batteries and smart devices, though it can be mitigated by a revision of battery control algorithms. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_09862 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cyber-Physical Systems on the Megawatt Scale: The impact of battery control on grid frequency stability Hartmann, Carsten De Din, Edoardo Carta, Daniele Middelkoop, Florian Neubauer, Arndt Kruse, Johannes Oberhofer, Ulrich Jumar, Richard Schäfer, Benjamin Pesch, Thiemo Benigni, Andrea Witthaut, Dirk Systems and Control Electric power systems are undergoing fundamental change. The shift to inverter-based generation challenges frequency stability, while growing digitalisation heightens vulnerability to errors and attacks. Here we identify an emerging risk at the intersection of cyber-physical coupling and control system design. We show that grid frequency time series worldwide exhibit a persistent one-minute oscillatory pattern, whose origin has remained largely unexplained. We trace this pattern back to the energy management systems of battery electric storage systems and demonstrate that the pattern amplitude has increased substantially in the Nordic and British grids. We argue that this effect is a potential burden for stability in future grids with low inertia and an increasing penetration with batteries and smart devices, though it can be mitigated by a revision of battery control algorithms. |
| title | Cyber-Physical Systems on the Megawatt Scale: The impact of battery control on grid frequency stability |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09862 |