FORM: Fixed-Lag Odometry with Reparative Mapping utilizing Rotating LiDAR Sensors

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Potokar, Easton R., Pool, Taylor, McGann, Daniel, Kaess, Michael
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Potokar, Easton R.
Pool, Taylor
McGann, Daniel
Kaess, Michael
author_facet Potokar, Easton R.
Pool, Taylor
McGann, Daniel
Kaess, Michael
contents Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors have become a de-facto sensor for many robot state estimation tasks, spurring development of many LiDAR Odometry (LO) methods in recent years. While some smoothing-based LO methods have been proposed, most require matching against multiple scans, resulting in sub-real-time performance. Due to this, most prior works estimate a single state at a time and are ``submap''-based. This architecture propagates any error in pose estimation to the fixed submap and can cause jittery trajectories and degrade future registrations. We propose Fixed-Lag Odometry with Reparative Mapping (FORM), a LO method that performs smoothing over a densely connected factor graph while utilizing a single iterative map for matching. This allows for both real-time performance and active correction of the local map as pose estimates are further refined. We evaluate on a wide variety of datasets to show that FORM is robust, accurate, real-time, and provides smooth trajectory estimates when compared to prior state-of-the-art LO methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_09966
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle FORM: Fixed-Lag Odometry with Reparative Mapping utilizing Rotating LiDAR Sensors
Potokar, Easton R.
Pool, Taylor
McGann, Daniel
Kaess, Michael
Robotics
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors have become a de-facto sensor for many robot state estimation tasks, spurring development of many LiDAR Odometry (LO) methods in recent years. While some smoothing-based LO methods have been proposed, most require matching against multiple scans, resulting in sub-real-time performance. Due to this, most prior works estimate a single state at a time and are ``submap''-based. This architecture propagates any error in pose estimation to the fixed submap and can cause jittery trajectories and degrade future registrations. We propose Fixed-Lag Odometry with Reparative Mapping (FORM), a LO method that performs smoothing over a densely connected factor graph while utilizing a single iterative map for matching. This allows for both real-time performance and active correction of the local map as pose estimates are further refined. We evaluate on a wide variety of datasets to show that FORM is robust, accurate, real-time, and provides smooth trajectory estimates when compared to prior state-of-the-art LO methods.
title FORM: Fixed-Lag Odometry with Reparative Mapping utilizing Rotating LiDAR Sensors
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09966