Broad nonlocal spectrum in the Pb-InSb hybrid three terminals for potential realization of Kitaev chains
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866915554488483840 |
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| author | Li, Guoan Shi, Xiaofan Zhang, Ruixuan Song, Yuxiao Rossi, Marco Badawy, Ghada Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Anqi Guo, Xingchen Deng, Xiao Chen, Xiao Xu, Liangqian Tong, Bingbing Li, Peiling Song, Xiaohui Lyu, Zhaozheng Liu, Guangtong Qu, Fanming Nowak, Michał P. Wójcik, Paweł Dou, Ziwei Bakkers, Erik P. A. M. Lu, Li Shen, Jie |
| author_facet | Li, Guoan Shi, Xiaofan Zhang, Ruixuan Song, Yuxiao Rossi, Marco Badawy, Ghada Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Anqi Guo, Xingchen Deng, Xiao Chen, Xiao Xu, Liangqian Tong, Bingbing Li, Peiling Song, Xiaohui Lyu, Zhaozheng Liu, Guangtong Qu, Fanming Nowak, Michał P. Wójcik, Paweł Dou, Ziwei Bakkers, Erik P. A. M. Lu, Li Shen, Jie |
| contents | Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor(SC-SM) nanowires remain one of the foremost platforms for engineering topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes(MZMs) towards fault-tolerant topological qubits, especially with the rapid development of artificial Kitaev chains. In contrast to the widely used aluminum(Al)-based hybrids, lead(Pb) offers a bulk superconducting gap of ~1.4meV and a critical temperature of ~7.2K, giving rise to a proximity-induced gap that is roughly five times larger than that obtained with Al. Here we present the first three-terminal Pb-hybrid devices and perform nonlocal differential-conductance spectroscopy on this platform. The nonlocal measurement simultaneously resolves a dual-gap feature of the parent Pb gap and the large, hard, gate-tunable induced superconducting gap, distinguished by a switch between electron- and hole-like dissipation processes. Within the induced gap we observe several types of Andreev bound states(ABSs) that undergo singlet-doublet transitions. Moreover, by tuning gate voltages we achieve gate-controlled resonating sign reversals of the nonlocal conductance, identifying three distinct regimes that correspond to different configurations of quantum-dot(QD) resonances(single-resonance, double-resonance, and series-resonance). Finally, the coupling between ABSs and QDs also present and can be modulated from the weak- to strong-coupling limit, indicating the feasibility of realizing the artificial Kitaev chains. Crucially, the robust nonlocal signatures persist up to temperatures(~1K) far above the operating temperature of Al-based devices thanks to the unusually large induced gap, thereby widening the accessible parameter space greatly and underscoring the suitability of Pb-based hybrids for implementing warm temperature artificial Kitaev chains and the topological quantum devices protected by a substantially larger topological gap. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_10064 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Broad nonlocal spectrum in the Pb-InSb hybrid three terminals for potential realization of Kitaev chains Li, Guoan Shi, Xiaofan Zhang, Ruixuan Song, Yuxiao Rossi, Marco Badawy, Ghada Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Anqi Guo, Xingchen Deng, Xiao Chen, Xiao Xu, Liangqian Tong, Bingbing Li, Peiling Song, Xiaohui Lyu, Zhaozheng Liu, Guangtong Qu, Fanming Nowak, Michał P. Wójcik, Paweł Dou, Ziwei Bakkers, Erik P. A. M. Lu, Li Shen, Jie Quantum Physics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Superconductivity Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor(SC-SM) nanowires remain one of the foremost platforms for engineering topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes(MZMs) towards fault-tolerant topological qubits, especially with the rapid development of artificial Kitaev chains. In contrast to the widely used aluminum(Al)-based hybrids, lead(Pb) offers a bulk superconducting gap of ~1.4meV and a critical temperature of ~7.2K, giving rise to a proximity-induced gap that is roughly five times larger than that obtained with Al. Here we present the first three-terminal Pb-hybrid devices and perform nonlocal differential-conductance spectroscopy on this platform. The nonlocal measurement simultaneously resolves a dual-gap feature of the parent Pb gap and the large, hard, gate-tunable induced superconducting gap, distinguished by a switch between electron- and hole-like dissipation processes. Within the induced gap we observe several types of Andreev bound states(ABSs) that undergo singlet-doublet transitions. Moreover, by tuning gate voltages we achieve gate-controlled resonating sign reversals of the nonlocal conductance, identifying three distinct regimes that correspond to different configurations of quantum-dot(QD) resonances(single-resonance, double-resonance, and series-resonance). Finally, the coupling between ABSs and QDs also present and can be modulated from the weak- to strong-coupling limit, indicating the feasibility of realizing the artificial Kitaev chains. Crucially, the robust nonlocal signatures persist up to temperatures(~1K) far above the operating temperature of Al-based devices thanks to the unusually large induced gap, thereby widening the accessible parameter space greatly and underscoring the suitability of Pb-based hybrids for implementing warm temperature artificial Kitaev chains and the topological quantum devices protected by a substantially larger topological gap. |
| title | Broad nonlocal spectrum in the Pb-InSb hybrid three terminals for potential realization of Kitaev chains |
| topic | Quantum Physics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Superconductivity |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10064 |