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Main Authors: Mirzazadeh, Ali, Cadavid, Simon, Zha, Kaiwen, Li, Chao, Alzahrani, Sultan, Alawajy, Manar, Korzenik, Joshua, Hoti, Kreshnik, Reynolds, Charles, Mischoulon, David, Winkelman, John, Fava, Maurizio, Katabi, Dina
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10364
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author Mirzazadeh, Ali
Cadavid, Simon
Zha, Kaiwen
Li, Chao
Alzahrani, Sultan
Alawajy, Manar
Korzenik, Joshua
Hoti, Kreshnik
Reynolds, Charles
Mischoulon, David
Winkelman, John
Fava, Maurizio
Katabi, Dina
author_facet Mirzazadeh, Ali
Cadavid, Simon
Zha, Kaiwen
Li, Chao
Alzahrani, Sultan
Alawajy, Manar
Korzenik, Joshua
Hoti, Kreshnik
Reynolds, Charles
Mischoulon, David
Winkelman, John
Fava, Maurizio
Katabi, Dina
contents Antidepressant nonadherence is pervasive, driving relapse, hospitalization, suicide risk, and billions in avoidable costs. Clinicians need tools that detect adherence lapses promptly, yet current methods are either invasive (serum assays, neuroimaging) or proxy-based and inaccurate (pill counts, pharmacy refills). We present the first noninvasive biomarker that detects antidepressant intake from a single night of sleep. A transformer-based model analyzes sleep data from a consumer wearable or contactless wireless sensor to infer antidepressant intake, enabling remote, effortless, daily adherence assessment at home. Across six datasets comprising 62,000 nights from >20,000 participants (1,800 antidepressant users), the biomarker achieved AUROC = 0.84, generalized across drug classes, scaled with dose, and remained robust to concomitant psychotropics. Longitudinal monitoring captured real-world initiation, tapering, and lapses. This approach offers objective, scalable adherence surveillance with potential to improve depression care and outcomes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_10364
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Transformer Model Detects Antidepressant Use From a Single Night of Sleep, Unlocking an Adherence Biomarker
Mirzazadeh, Ali
Cadavid, Simon
Zha, Kaiwen
Li, Chao
Alzahrani, Sultan
Alawajy, Manar
Korzenik, Joshua
Hoti, Kreshnik
Reynolds, Charles
Mischoulon, David
Winkelman, John
Fava, Maurizio
Katabi, Dina
Machine Learning
Antidepressant nonadherence is pervasive, driving relapse, hospitalization, suicide risk, and billions in avoidable costs. Clinicians need tools that detect adherence lapses promptly, yet current methods are either invasive (serum assays, neuroimaging) or proxy-based and inaccurate (pill counts, pharmacy refills). We present the first noninvasive biomarker that detects antidepressant intake from a single night of sleep. A transformer-based model analyzes sleep data from a consumer wearable or contactless wireless sensor to infer antidepressant intake, enabling remote, effortless, daily adherence assessment at home. Across six datasets comprising 62,000 nights from >20,000 participants (1,800 antidepressant users), the biomarker achieved AUROC = 0.84, generalized across drug classes, scaled with dose, and remained robust to concomitant psychotropics. Longitudinal monitoring captured real-world initiation, tapering, and lapses. This approach offers objective, scalable adherence surveillance with potential to improve depression care and outcomes.
title Transformer Model Detects Antidepressant Use From a Single Night of Sleep, Unlocking an Adherence Biomarker
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10364