Coherence of Supermassive Black Hole Binary Demographics with the nHz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866912819219267584 |
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| author | Kusakabe, Katsunori Inoue, Yoshiyuki Toyouchi, Daisuke |
| author_facet | Kusakabe, Katsunori Inoue, Yoshiyuki Toyouchi, Daisuke |
| contents | We present a refined estimation of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) based on observed dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) together with AGN X-ray luminosity functions, in light of recent Pulsar Timing Array detections of an nHz SGWB. We identify a characteristic luminosity dependence in dual AGN fractions by compiling recent observational datasets, providing crucial constraints on supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) populations. Our AGN-based model reproduces the current SGWB measurements within PTA observational uncertainties of $2 - 4 σ$ uncertainties, demonstrating consistency between electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations. These findings establish SMBHBs as the dominant source of the nHz gravitational wave signal, providing crucial insights into their demographics and evolution. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_10548 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Coherence of Supermassive Black Hole Binary Demographics with the nHz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Kusakabe, Katsunori Inoue, Yoshiyuki Toyouchi, Daisuke High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We present a refined estimation of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) based on observed dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) together with AGN X-ray luminosity functions, in light of recent Pulsar Timing Array detections of an nHz SGWB. We identify a characteristic luminosity dependence in dual AGN fractions by compiling recent observational datasets, providing crucial constraints on supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) populations. Our AGN-based model reproduces the current SGWB measurements within PTA observational uncertainties of $2 - 4 σ$ uncertainties, demonstrating consistency between electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations. These findings establish SMBHBs as the dominant source of the nHz gravitational wave signal, providing crucial insights into their demographics and evolution. |
| title | Coherence of Supermassive Black Hole Binary Demographics with the nHz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10548 |