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Main Authors: Tan, Renxuan, Li, Rongpeng, Wang, Fei, Peng, Chenghui, Wu, Shaoyun, Zhao, Zhifeng, Zhang, Honggang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10895
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author Tan, Renxuan
Li, Rongpeng
Wang, Fei
Peng, Chenghui
Wu, Shaoyun
Zhao, Zhifeng
Zhang, Honggang
author_facet Tan, Renxuan
Li, Rongpeng
Wang, Fei
Peng, Chenghui
Wu, Shaoyun
Zhao, Zhifeng
Zhang, Honggang
contents Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols, essential for wireless networks, are typically manually configured. While deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based protocols enhance task-specified network performance, they suffer from poor generalizability and resilience, demanding costly retraining to adapt to dynamic environments. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a game-theoretic LLM-empowered multi-agent DRL (MARL) framework, in which the uplink transmission between a base station and a varying number of user equipments is modeled as a dynamic multi-follower Stackelberg game (MFSG), capturing the network's natural hierarchical structure. Within this game, LLM-driven agents, coordinated through proximal policy optimization (PPO), synthesize adaptive, semantic MAC protocols in response to network dynamics. Protocol action grammar (PAG) is employed to ensure the reliability and efficiency of this process. Under this system, we further analyze the existence and convergence behavior in terms of a Stackelberg equilibrium by studying the learning dynamics of LLM-empowered unified policies in response to changing followers. Simulations corroborate that our framework achieves a 77.6% greater throughput and a 65.2% fairness improvement over conventional baselines. Besides, our framework generalizes excellently to a fluctuating number of users without requiring retraining or architectural changes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_10895
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LLM-Empowered Agentic MAC Protocols: A Dynamic Stackelberg Game Approach
Tan, Renxuan
Li, Rongpeng
Wang, Fei
Peng, Chenghui
Wu, Shaoyun
Zhao, Zhifeng
Zhang, Honggang
Artificial Intelligence
Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols, essential for wireless networks, are typically manually configured. While deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based protocols enhance task-specified network performance, they suffer from poor generalizability and resilience, demanding costly retraining to adapt to dynamic environments. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a game-theoretic LLM-empowered multi-agent DRL (MARL) framework, in which the uplink transmission between a base station and a varying number of user equipments is modeled as a dynamic multi-follower Stackelberg game (MFSG), capturing the network's natural hierarchical structure. Within this game, LLM-driven agents, coordinated through proximal policy optimization (PPO), synthesize adaptive, semantic MAC protocols in response to network dynamics. Protocol action grammar (PAG) is employed to ensure the reliability and efficiency of this process. Under this system, we further analyze the existence and convergence behavior in terms of a Stackelberg equilibrium by studying the learning dynamics of LLM-empowered unified policies in response to changing followers. Simulations corroborate that our framework achieves a 77.6% greater throughput and a 65.2% fairness improvement over conventional baselines. Besides, our framework generalizes excellently to a fluctuating number of users without requiring retraining or architectural changes.
title LLM-Empowered Agentic MAC Protocols: A Dynamic Stackelberg Game Approach
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10895