On some conjectural supercongruences involving the sequence $t_n(x)$

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Han, Hui-Li, Wang, Chen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Han, Hui-Li
Wang, Chen
author_facet Han, Hui-Li
Wang, Chen
contents In this paper, we study some supercongruences involving the sequence $$ t_n(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}\binom{x}{k}\binom{x+k}{k}2^k $$ and solve some open problems. For any odd prime $p$ and $p$-adic integer $x$, we determine $\sum_{n=0}^{p-1}t_n(x)^2$ and $\sum_{n=0}^{p-1}(n+1)t_n(x)^2$ modulo $p^2$; for example, we establish that \begin{align*} \sum_{n=0}^{p-1}t_n(x)^2\equiv\begin{cases} \left(\dfrac{-1}{p}\right)\pmod{p^2},&\text{if }2x\equiv-1\pmod{p},\\[8pt] (-1)^{\langle x\rangle_p}\dfrac{p+2(x-\langle x\rangle_p)}{2x+1}\pmod{p^2},&\text{otherwise,} \end{cases} \end{align*} where $\langle x\rangle_p$ denotes the least nonnegative residue of $x$ modulo $p$. This confirms a conjecture of Z.-W. Sun.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_11338
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On some conjectural supercongruences involving the sequence $t_n(x)$
Han, Hui-Li
Wang, Chen
Number Theory
Combinatorics
In this paper, we study some supercongruences involving the sequence $$ t_n(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}\binom{x}{k}\binom{x+k}{k}2^k $$ and solve some open problems. For any odd prime $p$ and $p$-adic integer $x$, we determine $\sum_{n=0}^{p-1}t_n(x)^2$ and $\sum_{n=0}^{p-1}(n+1)t_n(x)^2$ modulo $p^2$; for example, we establish that \begin{align*} \sum_{n=0}^{p-1}t_n(x)^2\equiv\begin{cases} \left(\dfrac{-1}{p}\right)\pmod{p^2},&\text{if }2x\equiv-1\pmod{p},\\[8pt] (-1)^{\langle x\rangle_p}\dfrac{p+2(x-\langle x\rangle_p)}{2x+1}\pmod{p^2},&\text{otherwise,} \end{cases} \end{align*} where $\langle x\rangle_p$ denotes the least nonnegative residue of $x$ modulo $p$. This confirms a conjecture of Z.-W. Sun.
title On some conjectural supercongruences involving the sequence $t_n(x)$
topic Number Theory
Combinatorics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11338