Verification of Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Designs in Propulsion Aerospace Applications

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Estrada, Noah L., Cantu, Marc A., Rodriguez, Arturo, Ybarra, Andrew R., Farris, Jeffrey H., Ortega, Francisco O. Aguirre, Kumar, Vineeth Vijaya, Kumar, Vinod
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866912775365722112
author Estrada, Noah L.
Cantu, Marc A.
Rodriguez, Arturo
Ybarra, Andrew R.
Farris, Jeffrey H.
Ortega, Francisco O. Aguirre
Kumar, Vineeth Vijaya
Kumar, Vinod
author_facet Estrada, Noah L.
Cantu, Marc A.
Rodriguez, Arturo
Ybarra, Andrew R.
Farris, Jeffrey H.
Ortega, Francisco O. Aguirre
Kumar, Vineeth Vijaya
Kumar, Vinod
contents The performance of convergent and divergent nozzles is critical in aerospace propulsion systems, where the efficient expansion of high-temperature, high-pressure gases directly impacts thrust generation. In this study, we investigate a series of nozzle geometries using numerical simulations in ANSYS Fluent, guided by classical compressible flow theory, initially developed by Ludwig Prandtl. The governing equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are solved under steady-state conditions, with emphasis on shock formation, boundary-layer effects, and Mach number distributions across the nozzle throat and divergent section. Parametric analyses are conducted to evaluate the influence of nozzle contour, area ratio, and throat geometry on flow acceleration and thrust coefficient. The results demonstrate close agreement with theoretical predictions of isentropic compressible flow while also highlighting deviations due to viscous and three-dimensional effects. These findings provide design insights for optimizing nozzle performance across propulsion applications, from launch vehicles to high-speed air-breathing systems. We obtained absolute error differences of 2.05 percent, 6.03 percent, and 9.9 percent in the throat temperature measurements for the RL10B2, SSME-40k, and A-1 nozzles, respectively.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_11667
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Verification of Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Designs in Propulsion Aerospace Applications
Estrada, Noah L.
Cantu, Marc A.
Rodriguez, Arturo
Ybarra, Andrew R.
Farris, Jeffrey H.
Ortega, Francisco O. Aguirre
Kumar, Vineeth Vijaya
Kumar, Vinod
Fluid Dynamics
The performance of convergent and divergent nozzles is critical in aerospace propulsion systems, where the efficient expansion of high-temperature, high-pressure gases directly impacts thrust generation. In this study, we investigate a series of nozzle geometries using numerical simulations in ANSYS Fluent, guided by classical compressible flow theory, initially developed by Ludwig Prandtl. The governing equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are solved under steady-state conditions, with emphasis on shock formation, boundary-layer effects, and Mach number distributions across the nozzle throat and divergent section. Parametric analyses are conducted to evaluate the influence of nozzle contour, area ratio, and throat geometry on flow acceleration and thrust coefficient. The results demonstrate close agreement with theoretical predictions of isentropic compressible flow while also highlighting deviations due to viscous and three-dimensional effects. These findings provide design insights for optimizing nozzle performance across propulsion applications, from launch vehicles to high-speed air-breathing systems. We obtained absolute error differences of 2.05 percent, 6.03 percent, and 9.9 percent in the throat temperature measurements for the RL10B2, SSME-40k, and A-1 nozzles, respectively.
title Verification of Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Designs in Propulsion Aerospace Applications
topic Fluid Dynamics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11667