The Magic Barrier before Thermalization
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866914090691067904 |
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| author | Ebner, Lukas Müller, Berndt Schäfer, Andreas Schmotzer, Leonhard Seidl, Clemens Yao, Xiaojun |
| author_facet | Ebner, Lukas Müller, Berndt Schäfer, Andreas Schmotzer, Leonhard Seidl, Clemens Yao, Xiaojun |
| contents | We investigate the time dependence of anti-flatness in the entanglement spectrum, a measure for non-stabilizerness and lower bound for non-local quantum magic, on a subsystem of a linear SU(2) plaquette chain during thermalization. Tracing the time evolution of a large number of initial states, we find that the anti-flatness exhibits a barrier-like maximum during the time period when the entanglement entropy of the subsystem grows rapidly from the initial value to the microcanonical entropy. The location of the peak is strongly correlated with the time when the entanglement exhibits the strongest growth. This behavior is found for generic highly excited initial computational basis states and persists for coupling constants across the ergodic regime, revealing a universal structure of the entanglement spectrum during thermalization. We conclude that quantitative simulations of thermalization for nonabelian gauge theories require quantum computing. We speculate that this property generalizes to other quantum chaotic systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_11681 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Magic Barrier before Thermalization Ebner, Lukas Müller, Berndt Schäfer, Andreas Schmotzer, Leonhard Seidl, Clemens Yao, Xiaojun Quantum Physics Statistical Mechanics High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory We investigate the time dependence of anti-flatness in the entanglement spectrum, a measure for non-stabilizerness and lower bound for non-local quantum magic, on a subsystem of a linear SU(2) plaquette chain during thermalization. Tracing the time evolution of a large number of initial states, we find that the anti-flatness exhibits a barrier-like maximum during the time period when the entanglement entropy of the subsystem grows rapidly from the initial value to the microcanonical entropy. The location of the peak is strongly correlated with the time when the entanglement exhibits the strongest growth. This behavior is found for generic highly excited initial computational basis states and persists for coupling constants across the ergodic regime, revealing a universal structure of the entanglement spectrum during thermalization. We conclude that quantitative simulations of thermalization for nonabelian gauge theories require quantum computing. We speculate that this property generalizes to other quantum chaotic systems. |
| title | The Magic Barrier before Thermalization |
| topic | Quantum Physics Statistical Mechanics High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11681 |