The Structure of In-Place Space-Bounded Computation
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866909843934150656 |
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| author | Cook, James Ghentiyala, Surendra Mertz, Ian Pyne, Edward Sheffield, Nathan S. |
| author_facet | Cook, James Ghentiyala, Surendra Mertz, Ian Pyne, Edward Sheffield, Nathan S. |
| contents | In the standard model of computing multi-output functions in logspace ($\mathsf{FL}$), we are given a read-only tape holding $x$ and a logarithmic length worktape, and must print $f(x)$ to a dedicated write-only tape. However, there has been extensive work (both in theory and in practice) on algorithms that transform $x$ into $f(x)$ in-place on a single read-write tape with limited (in our case $O(\log n)$) additional workspace. We say $f\in \mathsf{inplaceFL}$ if $f$ can be computed in this model. We initiate the study of in-place computation from a structural complexity perspective, proving upper and lower bounds on the power of $\mathsf{inplaceFL}$. We show the following:
i) Unconditionally, $\mathsf{FL}\not\subseteq \mathsf{inplaceFL}$.
ii) The problems of integer multiplication and evaluating $\mathsf{NC}^0_4$ circuits lie outside $\mathsf{inplaceFL}$ under cryptographic assumptions. However, evaluating $\mathsf{NC}^0_2$ circuits can be done in $\mathsf{inplaceFL}$.
iii) We have $\mathsf{FL} \subseteq \mathsf{inplaceFL}^{\mathsf{STP}}.$ Consequently, proving $\mathsf{inplaceFL} \not\subseteq \mathsf{FL}$ would imply $\mathsf{SAT} \not\in \mathsf{L}$.
We also consider the analogous catalytic class ($\mathsf{inplaceFCL}$), where the in-place algorithm has a large additional worktape tape that it must reset at the end of the computation. We give $\mathsf{inplaceFCL}$ algorithms for matrix multiplication and inversion over polynomial-sized finite fields. We furthermore use our results and techniques to show two novel barriers to proving $\mathsf{CL} \subseteq \mathsf{P}$. First, we show that any proof of $\mathsf{CL}\subseteq \mathsf{P}$ must be non-relativizing, by giving an oracle relative to which $\mathsf{CL}^O=\mathsf{EXP}^O$. Second, we identify a search problem in $\mathsf{searchCL}$ but not known to be in $\mathsf{P}$. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_12005 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Structure of In-Place Space-Bounded Computation Cook, James Ghentiyala, Surendra Mertz, Ian Pyne, Edward Sheffield, Nathan S. Computational Complexity Data Structures and Algorithms In the standard model of computing multi-output functions in logspace ($\mathsf{FL}$), we are given a read-only tape holding $x$ and a logarithmic length worktape, and must print $f(x)$ to a dedicated write-only tape. However, there has been extensive work (both in theory and in practice) on algorithms that transform $x$ into $f(x)$ in-place on a single read-write tape with limited (in our case $O(\log n)$) additional workspace. We say $f\in \mathsf{inplaceFL}$ if $f$ can be computed in this model. We initiate the study of in-place computation from a structural complexity perspective, proving upper and lower bounds on the power of $\mathsf{inplaceFL}$. We show the following: i) Unconditionally, $\mathsf{FL}\not\subseteq \mathsf{inplaceFL}$. ii) The problems of integer multiplication and evaluating $\mathsf{NC}^0_4$ circuits lie outside $\mathsf{inplaceFL}$ under cryptographic assumptions. However, evaluating $\mathsf{NC}^0_2$ circuits can be done in $\mathsf{inplaceFL}$. iii) We have $\mathsf{FL} \subseteq \mathsf{inplaceFL}^{\mathsf{STP}}.$ Consequently, proving $\mathsf{inplaceFL} \not\subseteq \mathsf{FL}$ would imply $\mathsf{SAT} \not\in \mathsf{L}$. We also consider the analogous catalytic class ($\mathsf{inplaceFCL}$), where the in-place algorithm has a large additional worktape tape that it must reset at the end of the computation. We give $\mathsf{inplaceFCL}$ algorithms for matrix multiplication and inversion over polynomial-sized finite fields. We furthermore use our results and techniques to show two novel barriers to proving $\mathsf{CL} \subseteq \mathsf{P}$. First, we show that any proof of $\mathsf{CL}\subseteq \mathsf{P}$ must be non-relativizing, by giving an oracle relative to which $\mathsf{CL}^O=\mathsf{EXP}^O$. Second, we identify a search problem in $\mathsf{searchCL}$ but not known to be in $\mathsf{P}$. |
| title | The Structure of In-Place Space-Bounded Computation |
| topic | Computational Complexity Data Structures and Algorithms |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12005 |