Visualizing the Impact of Quenched Disorder on 2D Electron Wigner Solids

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Ge, Zhehao, Smith, Conor, He, Zehao, Yang, Yubo, Li, Qize, Xiang, Ziyu, Xiao, Jianghan, Zhou, Wenjie, Kahn, Salman, Erdi, Melike, Banerjee, Rounak, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Tongay, Seth Ariel, Morales, Miguel A., Zhang, Shiwei, Wang, Feng, Crommie, Michael F.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Ge, Zhehao
Smith, Conor
He, Zehao
Yang, Yubo
Li, Qize
Xiang, Ziyu
Xiao, Jianghan
Zhou, Wenjie
Kahn, Salman
Erdi, Melike
Banerjee, Rounak
Taniguchi, Takashi
Watanabe, Kenji
Tongay, Seth Ariel
Morales, Miguel A.
Zhang, Shiwei
Wang, Feng
Crommie, Michael F.
author_facet Ge, Zhehao
Smith, Conor
He, Zehao
Yang, Yubo
Li, Qize
Xiang, Ziyu
Xiao, Jianghan
Zhou, Wenjie
Kahn, Salman
Erdi, Melike
Banerjee, Rounak
Taniguchi, Takashi
Watanabe, Kenji
Tongay, Seth Ariel
Morales, Miguel A.
Zhang, Shiwei
Wang, Feng
Crommie, Michael F.
contents Electron Wigner solids (WSs)1-12 provide an ideal system for understanding the competing effects of electron-electron and electron-disorder interactions, a central unsolved problem in condensed matter physics. Progress in this topic has been limited by a lack of single-defect-resolved experimental measurements as well as accurate theoretical tools to enable realistic experiment-theory comparison. Here we overcome these limitations by combining atomically-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation of disordered 2D electron WSs. STM was used to image the electron density ($n_e$) dependent evolution of electron WSs in gate-tunable bilayer MoSe$_2$ devices with varying long-range ($n_\mathrm{LR}$) and short-range ($n_\mathrm{SR}$) disorder densities. These images were compared to QMC simulations using realistic disorder maps extracted from experiment, thus allowing the roles of different disorder types to be disentangled. We identify two distinct physical regimes for disordered electron WSs that depend on the magnitude of $n_\mathrm{SR}$. For $n_\mathrm{SR} \lesssim n_e$ the WS behavior is dominated by long-range disorder and features extensive mixed solid-liquid phases, a new type of re-entrant melting-crystallization, and prominent Friedel oscillations. In contrast, when $n_\mathrm{SR} \gg n_e$ these features are suppressed and a more robust amorphous WS phase emerges that persists to higher $n_e$, highlighting the importance of short-range disorder in this regime. Our work establishes a new framework for studying disordered quantum solids via a combined experimental-theoretical approach.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_12009
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Visualizing the Impact of Quenched Disorder on 2D Electron Wigner Solids
Ge, Zhehao
Smith, Conor
He, Zehao
Yang, Yubo
Li, Qize
Xiang, Ziyu
Xiao, Jianghan
Zhou, Wenjie
Kahn, Salman
Erdi, Melike
Banerjee, Rounak
Taniguchi, Takashi
Watanabe, Kenji
Tongay, Seth Ariel
Morales, Miguel A.
Zhang, Shiwei
Wang, Feng
Crommie, Michael F.
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Electron Wigner solids (WSs)1-12 provide an ideal system for understanding the competing effects of electron-electron and electron-disorder interactions, a central unsolved problem in condensed matter physics. Progress in this topic has been limited by a lack of single-defect-resolved experimental measurements as well as accurate theoretical tools to enable realistic experiment-theory comparison. Here we overcome these limitations by combining atomically-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation of disordered 2D electron WSs. STM was used to image the electron density ($n_e$) dependent evolution of electron WSs in gate-tunable bilayer MoSe$_2$ devices with varying long-range ($n_\mathrm{LR}$) and short-range ($n_\mathrm{SR}$) disorder densities. These images were compared to QMC simulations using realistic disorder maps extracted from experiment, thus allowing the roles of different disorder types to be disentangled. We identify two distinct physical regimes for disordered electron WSs that depend on the magnitude of $n_\mathrm{SR}$. For $n_\mathrm{SR} \lesssim n_e$ the WS behavior is dominated by long-range disorder and features extensive mixed solid-liquid phases, a new type of re-entrant melting-crystallization, and prominent Friedel oscillations. In contrast, when $n_\mathrm{SR} \gg n_e$ these features are suppressed and a more robust amorphous WS phase emerges that persists to higher $n_e$, highlighting the importance of short-range disorder in this regime. Our work establishes a new framework for studying disordered quantum solids via a combined experimental-theoretical approach.
title Visualizing the Impact of Quenched Disorder on 2D Electron Wigner Solids
topic Strongly Correlated Electrons
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12009