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Main Authors: Xu, Changfu, Guo, Jianxiong, Liang, Yuzhu, Huang, Haiyang, Zou, Haodong, Zheng, Xi, Yu, Shui, Chu, Xiaowen, Cao, Jiannong, Wang, Tian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12253
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author Xu, Changfu
Guo, Jianxiong
Liang, Yuzhu
Huang, Haiyang
Zou, Haodong
Zheng, Xi
Yu, Shui
Chu, Xiaowen
Cao, Jiannong
Wang, Tian
author_facet Xu, Changfu
Guo, Jianxiong
Liang, Yuzhu
Huang, Haiyang
Zou, Haodong
Zheng, Xi
Yu, Shui
Chu, Xiaowen
Cao, Jiannong
Wang, Tian
contents Diffusion Models (DMs), as a leading class of generative models, offer key advantages for reinforcement learning (RL), including multi-modal expressiveness, stable training, and trajectory-level planning. This survey delivers a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of diffusion-based RL. We first provide an overview of RL, highlighting its challenges, and then introduce the fundamental concepts of DMs, investigating how they are integrated into RL frameworks to address key challenges in this research field. We establish a dual-axis taxonomy that organizes the field along two orthogonal dimensions: a function-oriented taxonomy that clarifies the roles DMs play within the RL pipeline, and a technique-oriented taxonomy that situates implementations across online versus offline learning regimes. We also provide a comprehensive examination of this progression from single-agent to multi-agent domains, thereby forming several frameworks for DM-RL integration and highlighting their practical utility. Furthermore, we outline several categories of successful applications of diffusion-based RL across diverse domains, discuss open research issues of current methodologies, and highlight key directions for future research to advance the field. Finally, we summarize the survey to identify promising future development directions. We are actively maintaining a GitHub repository (https://github.com/ChangfuXu/D4RL-FTD) for papers and other related resources to apply DMs for RL.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_12253
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Diffusion Models for Reinforcement Learning: Foundations, Taxonomy, and Development
Xu, Changfu
Guo, Jianxiong
Liang, Yuzhu
Huang, Haiyang
Zou, Haodong
Zheng, Xi
Yu, Shui
Chu, Xiaowen
Cao, Jiannong
Wang, Tian
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Diffusion Models (DMs), as a leading class of generative models, offer key advantages for reinforcement learning (RL), including multi-modal expressiveness, stable training, and trajectory-level planning. This survey delivers a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of diffusion-based RL. We first provide an overview of RL, highlighting its challenges, and then introduce the fundamental concepts of DMs, investigating how they are integrated into RL frameworks to address key challenges in this research field. We establish a dual-axis taxonomy that organizes the field along two orthogonal dimensions: a function-oriented taxonomy that clarifies the roles DMs play within the RL pipeline, and a technique-oriented taxonomy that situates implementations across online versus offline learning regimes. We also provide a comprehensive examination of this progression from single-agent to multi-agent domains, thereby forming several frameworks for DM-RL integration and highlighting their practical utility. Furthermore, we outline several categories of successful applications of diffusion-based RL across diverse domains, discuss open research issues of current methodologies, and highlight key directions for future research to advance the field. Finally, we summarize the survey to identify promising future development directions. We are actively maintaining a GitHub repository (https://github.com/ChangfuXu/D4RL-FTD) for papers and other related resources to apply DMs for RL.
title Diffusion Models for Reinforcement Learning: Foundations, Taxonomy, and Development
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12253