Time-resolved solvation dynamics of Li$^+$, Na$^+$ and K$^+$ ions in liquid helium nanodroplets
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Christensen, Jeppe K. Albrechtsen, Simon H. Petersen, Christian E. Schouder, Constant A. Sánchez-Pérez, Iker Carchi-Villalta, Pedro Javier Bartolomei, Massimiliano Pirani, Fernando González-Lezana, Tomás Stapelfeldt, Henrik |
| author_facet | Christensen, Jeppe K. Albrechtsen, Simon H. Petersen, Christian E. Schouder, Constant A. Sánchez-Pérez, Iker Carchi-Villalta, Pedro Javier Bartolomei, Massimiliano Pirani, Fernando González-Lezana, Tomás Stapelfeldt, Henrik |
| contents | In 2023, ultrafast pump-probe spectrocopy was used to record the solvation dynamics of a single Na$^+$ ion in a liquid helium droplet, atom-by-atom and with femtosecond time resolution [Albrechtsen \textit{et al., Nature}, 2023, \textbf{623}, 319]. Subsequently, theoretical studies showed that other alkali ions solvate in a similar manner but no experimental results were reported so far. Here, we extend the previous measurement on Na$^+$ to Li$^+$ and K$^+$ ions. A pump pulse selectively ionizes an alkali atom, initially residing at the droplet surface, and the ensuing solvation dynamics of the formed alkali cation, Ak$^+$, is followed by ionizing a Xe atom, located in the droplet interior, and recording the yields of Ak$^+$He$_n$ ions expelled from the droplet as a function of the pump-probe pulse delay. We find that Li$^+$, Na$^+$ and K$^+$ ions solvate with a binding rate of 1.8 $\pm$ 0.1, 1.8 $\pm$ 0.1 and 1.7 $\pm$ 0.1 He per ps, respectively. Furthermore, by comparing the number distribution of the Ak$^+$He$_n$ ion yields to the evaporation energies of these ion--He complexes, obtained by Path Integral Monte Carlo calculations, we identify signatures of the first solvation shells of Li$^+$, Na$^+$ and K$^+$. Lastly, we determine the time-dependent dissipation of the solvation energy from the vicinity of the three alkali ion species and find that the rate is highest (lowest) for Li$^+$ (K$^+$) |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_12330 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Time-resolved solvation dynamics of Li$^+$, Na$^+$ and K$^+$ ions in liquid helium nanodroplets Christensen, Jeppe K. Albrechtsen, Simon H. Petersen, Christian E. Schouder, Constant A. Sánchez-Pérez, Iker Carchi-Villalta, Pedro Javier Bartolomei, Massimiliano Pirani, Fernando González-Lezana, Tomás Stapelfeldt, Henrik Chemical Physics In 2023, ultrafast pump-probe spectrocopy was used to record the solvation dynamics of a single Na$^+$ ion in a liquid helium droplet, atom-by-atom and with femtosecond time resolution [Albrechtsen \textit{et al., Nature}, 2023, \textbf{623}, 319]. Subsequently, theoretical studies showed that other alkali ions solvate in a similar manner but no experimental results were reported so far. Here, we extend the previous measurement on Na$^+$ to Li$^+$ and K$^+$ ions. A pump pulse selectively ionizes an alkali atom, initially residing at the droplet surface, and the ensuing solvation dynamics of the formed alkali cation, Ak$^+$, is followed by ionizing a Xe atom, located in the droplet interior, and recording the yields of Ak$^+$He$_n$ ions expelled from the droplet as a function of the pump-probe pulse delay. We find that Li$^+$, Na$^+$ and K$^+$ ions solvate with a binding rate of 1.8 $\pm$ 0.1, 1.8 $\pm$ 0.1 and 1.7 $\pm$ 0.1 He per ps, respectively. Furthermore, by comparing the number distribution of the Ak$^+$He$_n$ ion yields to the evaporation energies of these ion--He complexes, obtained by Path Integral Monte Carlo calculations, we identify signatures of the first solvation shells of Li$^+$, Na$^+$ and K$^+$. Lastly, we determine the time-dependent dissipation of the solvation energy from the vicinity of the three alkali ion species and find that the rate is highest (lowest) for Li$^+$ (K$^+$) |
| title | Time-resolved solvation dynamics of Li$^+$, Na$^+$ and K$^+$ ions in liquid helium nanodroplets |
| topic | Chemical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12330 |