JWST and Keck Observations of the Off-Nuclear TDE AT 2024tvd: A Massive Nuclear Star Cluster and Minor-Merger Origin for its Black Hole

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Hauptverfasser: Patra, Kishore C., Foley, Ryan J., Earl, Nicholas, Davis, Kyle W., Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, Villar, V. Ashley, Gomez, Sebastian, French, K. Decker, Taggart, Kirsty, Arunachalam, Prasiddha, Macias, Phillip, Kaur, Ravjit, Tinyanont, Samaporn
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Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Patra, Kishore C.
Foley, Ryan J.
Earl, Nicholas
Davis, Kyle W.
Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Villar, V. Ashley
Gomez, Sebastian
French, K. Decker
Taggart, Kirsty
Arunachalam, Prasiddha
Macias, Phillip
Kaur, Ravjit
Tinyanont, Samaporn
author_facet Patra, Kishore C.
Foley, Ryan J.
Earl, Nicholas
Davis, Kyle W.
Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Villar, V. Ashley
Gomez, Sebastian
French, K. Decker
Taggart, Kirsty
Arunachalam, Prasiddha
Macias, Phillip
Kaur, Ravjit
Tinyanont, Samaporn
contents We present JWST/NIRSpec and NIRCam observations of the first optically selected off-nuclear tidal disruption event (TDE), AT 2024tvd, along with Keck/KCWI integral field unit spectroscopy. The spectra show broad H and He emission lines that are characteristic of a TDE. Stellar kinematics show smooth host-galaxy morphology and ordered bulge rotation, with no evidence of disturbances in velocity, dispersion, age or metallicity space. We construct the first quasi-simultaneous spectral-energy distribution (SED) from X-rays to infrared for a TDE and decompose it into three components: the TDE accretion flow, an unresolved nuclear star cluster (NSC), and heated dust emission. The accretion component implies a black hole mass of $\log(M_\bullet/M_\odot) = 5.50\pm 0.04$, an instantaneous super-Eddington accretion rate of $\log (\dot{M}/M_{\odot} yr^{-1}) = -1.22 \pm 0.04$, and an outer disk photosphere radius of $\log(r_{out}/r_{g}) = 3.8 \pm 0.1$. The dust emission is well described by a blackbody with $T_{dust} = 873\pm 15$ K and peak luminosity $\log (L_{dust}/erg$ $s^{-1}) = 40.80\pm 0.01$, consistent with a dust echo near the sublimation radius. The SED is best fit when including additional stellar emission above the galaxy background at the TDE location, corresponding to $\log(M_{\star}/M_\odot) = 7.97^{+0.16}_{-0.26}$, which we interpret as a massive NSC or an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy. These results support a minor-merger origin for the MBH responsible for the TDE over scenarios involving gravitational recoil or dynamical ejection from the nucleus.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_12572
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle JWST and Keck Observations of the Off-Nuclear TDE AT 2024tvd: A Massive Nuclear Star Cluster and Minor-Merger Origin for its Black Hole
Patra, Kishore C.
Foley, Ryan J.
Earl, Nicholas
Davis, Kyle W.
Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Villar, V. Ashley
Gomez, Sebastian
French, K. Decker
Taggart, Kirsty
Arunachalam, Prasiddha
Macias, Phillip
Kaur, Ravjit
Tinyanont, Samaporn
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
We present JWST/NIRSpec and NIRCam observations of the first optically selected off-nuclear tidal disruption event (TDE), AT 2024tvd, along with Keck/KCWI integral field unit spectroscopy. The spectra show broad H and He emission lines that are characteristic of a TDE. Stellar kinematics show smooth host-galaxy morphology and ordered bulge rotation, with no evidence of disturbances in velocity, dispersion, age or metallicity space. We construct the first quasi-simultaneous spectral-energy distribution (SED) from X-rays to infrared for a TDE and decompose it into three components: the TDE accretion flow, an unresolved nuclear star cluster (NSC), and heated dust emission. The accretion component implies a black hole mass of $\log(M_\bullet/M_\odot) = 5.50\pm 0.04$, an instantaneous super-Eddington accretion rate of $\log (\dot{M}/M_{\odot} yr^{-1}) = -1.22 \pm 0.04$, and an outer disk photosphere radius of $\log(r_{out}/r_{g}) = 3.8 \pm 0.1$. The dust emission is well described by a blackbody with $T_{dust} = 873\pm 15$ K and peak luminosity $\log (L_{dust}/erg$ $s^{-1}) = 40.80\pm 0.01$, consistent with a dust echo near the sublimation radius. The SED is best fit when including additional stellar emission above the galaxy background at the TDE location, corresponding to $\log(M_{\star}/M_\odot) = 7.97^{+0.16}_{-0.26}$, which we interpret as a massive NSC or an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy. These results support a minor-merger origin for the MBH responsible for the TDE over scenarios involving gravitational recoil or dynamical ejection from the nucleus.
title JWST and Keck Observations of the Off-Nuclear TDE AT 2024tvd: A Massive Nuclear Star Cluster and Minor-Merger Origin for its Black Hole
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12572