Vizing's Theorem in Deterministic Almost-Linear Time

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Assadi, Sepehr, Behnezhad, Soheil, Bhattacharya, Sayan, Costa, Martín, Solomon, Shay, Zhang, Tianyi
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Assadi, Sepehr
Behnezhad, Soheil
Bhattacharya, Sayan
Costa, Martín
Solomon, Shay
Zhang, Tianyi
author_facet Assadi, Sepehr
Behnezhad, Soheil
Bhattacharya, Sayan
Costa, Martín
Solomon, Shay
Zhang, Tianyi
contents Vizing's theorem states that any $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph of maximum degree $Δ$ can be edge colored using at most $Δ+ 1$ different colors. Vizing's original proof is easily translated into a deterministic $O(mn)$ time algorithm. This deterministic time bound was subsequently improved to $\tilde O(m \sqrt n)$ time, independently by [Arjomandi, 1982] and by [Gabow et al., 1985]. A series of recent papers improved the time bound of $\tilde O(m\sqrt{n})$ using randomization, culminating in the randomized near-linear time $(Δ+1)$-coloring algorithm by [Assadi, Behnezhad, Bhattacharya, Costa, Solomon, and Zhang, 2025]. At the heart of all of these recent improvements, there is some form of a sublinear time algorithm. Unfortunately, sublinear time algorithms as a whole almost always require randomization. This raises a natural question: can the deterministic time complexity of the problem be reduced below the $\tilde O(m\sqrt{n})$ barrier? In this paper, we answer this question in the affirmative. We present a deterministic almost-linear time $(Δ+1)$-coloring algorithm, namely, an algorithm running in $m \cdot 2^{O(\sqrt{\log Δ})} \cdot \log n = m^{1+o(1)}$ time. Our main technical contribution is to entirely forego sublinear time algorithms. We do so by presenting a new deterministic color-type sparsification approach that runs in almost-linear (instead of sublinear) time, but can be used to color a much larger set of edges.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_12619
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Vizing's Theorem in Deterministic Almost-Linear Time
Assadi, Sepehr
Behnezhad, Soheil
Bhattacharya, Sayan
Costa, Martín
Solomon, Shay
Zhang, Tianyi
Data Structures and Algorithms
Vizing's theorem states that any $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph of maximum degree $Δ$ can be edge colored using at most $Δ+ 1$ different colors. Vizing's original proof is easily translated into a deterministic $O(mn)$ time algorithm. This deterministic time bound was subsequently improved to $\tilde O(m \sqrt n)$ time, independently by [Arjomandi, 1982] and by [Gabow et al., 1985]. A series of recent papers improved the time bound of $\tilde O(m\sqrt{n})$ using randomization, culminating in the randomized near-linear time $(Δ+1)$-coloring algorithm by [Assadi, Behnezhad, Bhattacharya, Costa, Solomon, and Zhang, 2025]. At the heart of all of these recent improvements, there is some form of a sublinear time algorithm. Unfortunately, sublinear time algorithms as a whole almost always require randomization. This raises a natural question: can the deterministic time complexity of the problem be reduced below the $\tilde O(m\sqrt{n})$ barrier? In this paper, we answer this question in the affirmative. We present a deterministic almost-linear time $(Δ+1)$-coloring algorithm, namely, an algorithm running in $m \cdot 2^{O(\sqrt{\log Δ})} \cdot \log n = m^{1+o(1)}$ time. Our main technical contribution is to entirely forego sublinear time algorithms. We do so by presenting a new deterministic color-type sparsification approach that runs in almost-linear (instead of sublinear) time, but can be used to color a much larger set of edges.
title Vizing's Theorem in Deterministic Almost-Linear Time
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12619