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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12783 |
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| _version_ | 1866918160575234048 |
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| author | Eschen, Yoshi Nike Emilia Wilson, Thomas G. Bonfanti, Andrea Persson, Carina M. Sousa, Sérgio G. Lendl, Monika Heitzmann, Alexis Simon, Attila E. Olofsson, Göran Castro-González, Amadeo Egger, Jo Ann Fossati, Luca Mustill, Alexander James Osborn, Hugh P. Vivien, Hugo G. Alibert, Yann Alonso, Roi Bárczy, Tamas Barrado, David Barros, Susana C. C. Baumjohann, Wolfgang Benz, Willy Billot, Nicolas Borsato, Luca Brandeker, Alexis Broeg, Christopher Buder, Maximilian Caldwell, Douglas A. Cameron, Andrew Collier Correia, Alexandre C. M. Csizmadia, Szilard Cubillos, Patricio E. Davies, Melvyn B. Deleuil, Magali Deline, Adrien Demangeon, Olivier D. S. Demory, Brice-Olivier Derekas, Aliz Edwards, Billy Ehrenreich, David Erikson, Anders Farinato, Jacopo Fortier, Andrea Fridlund, Malcolm Gandolfi, Davide Gazeas, Kosmas Gillon, Michaël Goeke, Robert Güdel, Manuel Günther, Maximilian N. Hasiba, Johann Helling, Ch. Isaak, Kate G. Jenkins, Jon M. Keller, Tatiana Kiss, Laszlo L. Kitzmann, Daniel Korth, Judith Lam, Kristine W. F. Laskar, Jacques Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des Leleu, Adrien Magrin, Demetrio Maxted, Pierre F. L. Merín, Bruno Mordasini, Christoph Nascimbeni, Valerio Ottensamer, Roland Pagano, Isabella Pallé, Enric Peter, Gisbert Piazza, Daniele Piotto, Giampaolo Pollacco, Don Queloz, Didier Ragazzoni, Roberto Rando, Nicola Ratti, Francesco Rauer, Heike Ribas, Ignasi Santos, Nuno C. Scandariato, Gaetano Ségransan, Damien Shporer, Avi Smith, Alexis M. S. Stalport, Manu Sulis, Sophia Szabó, Gyula M. Udry, Stéphane Ulmer-Moll, Solène Van Grootel, Valérie Venturini, Julia Villaver, Eva Walton, Nicholas A. Watanabe, David Wolf, Sebastian Ziegler, Carl |
| author_facet | Eschen, Yoshi Nike Emilia Wilson, Thomas G. Bonfanti, Andrea Persson, Carina M. Sousa, Sérgio G. Lendl, Monika Heitzmann, Alexis Simon, Attila E. Olofsson, Göran Castro-González, Amadeo Egger, Jo Ann Fossati, Luca Mustill, Alexander James Osborn, Hugh P. Vivien, Hugo G. Alibert, Yann Alonso, Roi Bárczy, Tamas Barrado, David Barros, Susana C. C. Baumjohann, Wolfgang Benz, Willy Billot, Nicolas Borsato, Luca Brandeker, Alexis Broeg, Christopher Buder, Maximilian Caldwell, Douglas A. Cameron, Andrew Collier Correia, Alexandre C. M. Csizmadia, Szilard Cubillos, Patricio E. Davies, Melvyn B. Deleuil, Magali Deline, Adrien Demangeon, Olivier D. S. Demory, Brice-Olivier Derekas, Aliz Edwards, Billy Ehrenreich, David Erikson, Anders Farinato, Jacopo Fortier, Andrea Fridlund, Malcolm Gandolfi, Davide Gazeas, Kosmas Gillon, Michaël Goeke, Robert Güdel, Manuel Günther, Maximilian N. Hasiba, Johann Helling, Ch. Isaak, Kate G. Jenkins, Jon M. Keller, Tatiana Kiss, Laszlo L. Kitzmann, Daniel Korth, Judith Lam, Kristine W. F. Laskar, Jacques Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des Leleu, Adrien Magrin, Demetrio Maxted, Pierre F. L. Merín, Bruno Mordasini, Christoph Nascimbeni, Valerio Ottensamer, Roland Pagano, Isabella Pallé, Enric Peter, Gisbert Piazza, Daniele Piotto, Giampaolo Pollacco, Don Queloz, Didier Ragazzoni, Roberto Rando, Nicola Ratti, Francesco Rauer, Heike Ribas, Ignasi Santos, Nuno C. Scandariato, Gaetano Ségransan, Damien Shporer, Avi Smith, Alexis M. S. Stalport, Manu Sulis, Sophia Szabó, Gyula M. Udry, Stéphane Ulmer-Moll, Solène Van Grootel, Valérie Venturini, Julia Villaver, Eva Walton, Nicholas A. Watanabe, David Wolf, Sebastian Ziegler, Carl |
| contents | A crucial chemical link between stars and their orbiting exoplanets is thought to exist. If universal, this connection could affect the formation and evolution of all planets. Therefore, this potential vital link needs testing by characterising exoplanets around chemically-diverse stars. We present the discovery of two planets orbiting the metal-poor, kinematic thick-disk K-dwarf TOI-2345. TOI-2345 b is a super-Earth with a period of 1.05 days and TOI-2345 c is a sub-Neptune with a period of 21 days. In addition to the target being observed in 4 TESS sectors, we obtained 5 CHEOPS visits and 26 radial velocities from HARPS. By conducting a joint analysis of all the data, we find TOI-2345 b to have a radius of $1.504\substack{+0.047\\-0.044}$ R$_\oplus$ and a mass of $3.49\pm0.85$ M$_\oplus$; and TOI-2345 c to have a radius of $2.451\substack{+0.045\\-0.046}$ R$_\oplus$ and a mass of $7.27\substack{+2.27\\-2.45}$ M$_\oplus$. To explore chemical links between these planets and their host star, we model their interior structures newly accounting for devolatised stellar abundances. TOI-2345 adds to the limited sample of well characterised planetary systems around thick disk stars. This system challenges theories of formation and populations of planets around thick disk stars with its Ultra-Short Period super-Earth and the wide period distribution of these two planets spanning the radius valley. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_12783 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | An Ultra-Short Period Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Spanning the Radius Valley Orbiting the Kinematic Thick Disk Star TOI-2345 Eschen, Yoshi Nike Emilia Wilson, Thomas G. Bonfanti, Andrea Persson, Carina M. Sousa, Sérgio G. Lendl, Monika Heitzmann, Alexis Simon, Attila E. Olofsson, Göran Castro-González, Amadeo Egger, Jo Ann Fossati, Luca Mustill, Alexander James Osborn, Hugh P. Vivien, Hugo G. Alibert, Yann Alonso, Roi Bárczy, Tamas Barrado, David Barros, Susana C. C. Baumjohann, Wolfgang Benz, Willy Billot, Nicolas Borsato, Luca Brandeker, Alexis Broeg, Christopher Buder, Maximilian Caldwell, Douglas A. Cameron, Andrew Collier Correia, Alexandre C. M. Csizmadia, Szilard Cubillos, Patricio E. Davies, Melvyn B. Deleuil, Magali Deline, Adrien Demangeon, Olivier D. S. Demory, Brice-Olivier Derekas, Aliz Edwards, Billy Ehrenreich, David Erikson, Anders Farinato, Jacopo Fortier, Andrea Fridlund, Malcolm Gandolfi, Davide Gazeas, Kosmas Gillon, Michaël Goeke, Robert Güdel, Manuel Günther, Maximilian N. Hasiba, Johann Helling, Ch. Isaak, Kate G. Jenkins, Jon M. Keller, Tatiana Kiss, Laszlo L. Kitzmann, Daniel Korth, Judith Lam, Kristine W. F. Laskar, Jacques Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des Leleu, Adrien Magrin, Demetrio Maxted, Pierre F. L. Merín, Bruno Mordasini, Christoph Nascimbeni, Valerio Ottensamer, Roland Pagano, Isabella Pallé, Enric Peter, Gisbert Piazza, Daniele Piotto, Giampaolo Pollacco, Don Queloz, Didier Ragazzoni, Roberto Rando, Nicola Ratti, Francesco Rauer, Heike Ribas, Ignasi Santos, Nuno C. Scandariato, Gaetano Ségransan, Damien Shporer, Avi Smith, Alexis M. S. Stalport, Manu Sulis, Sophia Szabó, Gyula M. Udry, Stéphane Ulmer-Moll, Solène Van Grootel, Valérie Venturini, Julia Villaver, Eva Walton, Nicholas A. Watanabe, David Wolf, Sebastian Ziegler, Carl Earth and Planetary Astrophysics A crucial chemical link between stars and their orbiting exoplanets is thought to exist. If universal, this connection could affect the formation and evolution of all planets. Therefore, this potential vital link needs testing by characterising exoplanets around chemically-diverse stars. We present the discovery of two planets orbiting the metal-poor, kinematic thick-disk K-dwarf TOI-2345. TOI-2345 b is a super-Earth with a period of 1.05 days and TOI-2345 c is a sub-Neptune with a period of 21 days. In addition to the target being observed in 4 TESS sectors, we obtained 5 CHEOPS visits and 26 radial velocities from HARPS. By conducting a joint analysis of all the data, we find TOI-2345 b to have a radius of $1.504\substack{+0.047\\-0.044}$ R$_\oplus$ and a mass of $3.49\pm0.85$ M$_\oplus$; and TOI-2345 c to have a radius of $2.451\substack{+0.045\\-0.046}$ R$_\oplus$ and a mass of $7.27\substack{+2.27\\-2.45}$ M$_\oplus$. To explore chemical links between these planets and their host star, we model their interior structures newly accounting for devolatised stellar abundances. TOI-2345 adds to the limited sample of well characterised planetary systems around thick disk stars. This system challenges theories of formation and populations of planets around thick disk stars with its Ultra-Short Period super-Earth and the wide period distribution of these two planets spanning the radius valley. |
| title | An Ultra-Short Period Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Spanning the Radius Valley Orbiting the Kinematic Thick Disk Star TOI-2345 |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12783 |