Efficient Inference for Coupled Hidden Markov Models in Continuous Time and Discrete Space

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Main Authors: Migliorini, Giosue, Smyth, Padhraic
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Migliorini, Giosue
Smyth, Padhraic
author_facet Migliorini, Giosue
Smyth, Padhraic
contents Systems of interacting continuous-time Markov chains are a powerful model class, but inference is typically intractable in high dimensional settings. Auxiliary information, such as noisy observations, is typically only available at discrete times, and incorporating it via a Doob's $h$-transform gives rise to an intractable posterior process that requires approximation. We introduce Latent Interacting Particle Systems, a model class parameterizing the generator of each Markov chain in the system. Our inference method involves estimating look-ahead functions (twist potentials) that anticipate future information, for which we introduce an efficient parameterization. We incorporate this approximation in a twisted Sequential Monte Carlo sampling scheme. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a challenging posterior inference task for a latent SIRS model on a graph, and on a neural model for wildfire spread dynamics trained on real data.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_12916
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Efficient Inference for Coupled Hidden Markov Models in Continuous Time and Discrete Space
Migliorini, Giosue
Smyth, Padhraic
Machine Learning
Systems of interacting continuous-time Markov chains are a powerful model class, but inference is typically intractable in high dimensional settings. Auxiliary information, such as noisy observations, is typically only available at discrete times, and incorporating it via a Doob's $h$-transform gives rise to an intractable posterior process that requires approximation. We introduce Latent Interacting Particle Systems, a model class parameterizing the generator of each Markov chain in the system. Our inference method involves estimating look-ahead functions (twist potentials) that anticipate future information, for which we introduce an efficient parameterization. We incorporate this approximation in a twisted Sequential Monte Carlo sampling scheme. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a challenging posterior inference task for a latent SIRS model on a graph, and on a neural model for wildfire spread dynamics trained on real data.
title Efficient Inference for Coupled Hidden Markov Models in Continuous Time and Discrete Space
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12916