Breaking On/Off-coupling Loss Degeneracies via Bidirectional Nonlinear Optics
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866913006354432000 |
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| author | Wu, Bo-Han Mehrabad, Mahmoud Jalali Yu, Mengjie Englund, Dirk |
| author_facet | Wu, Bo-Han Mehrabad, Mahmoud Jalali Yu, Mengjie Englund, Dirk |
| contents | Accurate evaluation of nonlinear photonic integrated circuits requires separating input and output coupling efficiencies (i.e., $η_1$ and $η_2$), yet the conventional linear-transmission calibration method recovers only their product (i.e., $η_1\,η_2$) and therefore introduces systematic bias when inferring on-chip performance from off-chip data. We present bidirectional nonlinear optical tomography (BNOT), a direction-aware metrology that uses forward and backward pumping of complementary nonlinear probes, with process-appropriate detection, to break the ``degeneracy'' of $η_1\,η_2$ and estimate individual interface efficiencies with tight confidence intervals. The method links off-chip measurements to on-chip quantities through a compact observation model that explicitly incorporates pump fluctuations and detector noise, and it frames efficiency extraction as a joint constrained optimization. Monte Carlo studies show unbiased convergence of the estimated efficiencies to ground truth with low error across realistic operating regimes. Using these efficiency estimates to reconstruct on-chip nonlinear figures of merit yields distributions centered on the true values with reduced variance, whereas conventional ``degenerate'' calibration is biased and can substantially misestimate on-chip performance. BNOT is hardware-compatible and platform-agnostic, and provides unbiased characterization of off- and on-chip coupling efficiencies across nonlinear processes, enabling reproducible, coupling-resolved benchmarking for scalable systems in quantum optics, frequency conversion, and precision metrology. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_13110 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Breaking On/Off-coupling Loss Degeneracies via Bidirectional Nonlinear Optics Wu, Bo-Han Mehrabad, Mahmoud Jalali Yu, Mengjie Englund, Dirk Optics Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems Quantum Physics Accurate evaluation of nonlinear photonic integrated circuits requires separating input and output coupling efficiencies (i.e., $η_1$ and $η_2$), yet the conventional linear-transmission calibration method recovers only their product (i.e., $η_1\,η_2$) and therefore introduces systematic bias when inferring on-chip performance from off-chip data. We present bidirectional nonlinear optical tomography (BNOT), a direction-aware metrology that uses forward and backward pumping of complementary nonlinear probes, with process-appropriate detection, to break the ``degeneracy'' of $η_1\,η_2$ and estimate individual interface efficiencies with tight confidence intervals. The method links off-chip measurements to on-chip quantities through a compact observation model that explicitly incorporates pump fluctuations and detector noise, and it frames efficiency extraction as a joint constrained optimization. Monte Carlo studies show unbiased convergence of the estimated efficiencies to ground truth with low error across realistic operating regimes. Using these efficiency estimates to reconstruct on-chip nonlinear figures of merit yields distributions centered on the true values with reduced variance, whereas conventional ``degenerate'' calibration is biased and can substantially misestimate on-chip performance. BNOT is hardware-compatible and platform-agnostic, and provides unbiased characterization of off- and on-chip coupling efficiencies across nonlinear processes, enabling reproducible, coupling-resolved benchmarking for scalable systems in quantum optics, frequency conversion, and precision metrology. |
| title | Breaking On/Off-coupling Loss Degeneracies via Bidirectional Nonlinear Optics |
| topic | Optics Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13110 |