Discovery of red galaxy candidates at z ~ 12: Early dust growth or significant nebular emission with high-temperature stars?

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Mitsuhashi, Ikki, Suess, Katherine A., Leja, Joel, Dayal, Pratika, Feldmann, Robert, Fujimoto, Seiji, Katz, Harley, Nanayakkara, Themiya, Narayanan, Desika, Price, Sedona H., Weaver, John R., Williams, Christina C., Labbe, Ivo, Bezanson, Rachel, Atek, Hakim, Brammer, Gabriel, Cutler, Sam E., Furtak, Lukas J., Pan, Richard, Wang, Bingjie, Whitaker, Katherine E.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Mitsuhashi, Ikki
Suess, Katherine A.
Leja, Joel
Dayal, Pratika
Feldmann, Robert
Fujimoto, Seiji
Katz, Harley
Nanayakkara, Themiya
Narayanan, Desika
Price, Sedona H.
Weaver, John R.
Williams, Christina C.
Labbe, Ivo
Bezanson, Rachel
Atek, Hakim
Brammer, Gabriel
Cutler, Sam E.
Furtak, Lukas J.
Pan, Richard
Wang, Bingjie
Whitaker, Katherine E.
author_facet Mitsuhashi, Ikki
Suess, Katherine A.
Leja, Joel
Dayal, Pratika
Feldmann, Robert
Fujimoto, Seiji
Katz, Harley
Nanayakkara, Themiya
Narayanan, Desika
Price, Sedona H.
Weaver, John R.
Williams, Christina C.
Labbe, Ivo
Bezanson, Rachel
Atek, Hakim
Brammer, Gabriel
Cutler, Sam E.
Furtak, Lukas J.
Pan, Richard
Wang, Bingjie
Whitaker, Katherine E.
contents We report the discovery of two z ~ 12 galaxy candidates with unusually red UV slopes (betaUV ~> -1.5), and probe the origin of such colors at cosmic dawn. From Prospector fits to the UNCOVER/MegaScience dataset -- deep JWST/NIRCam imaging of Abell 2744 in 20 broad- and medium-bands -- we identify several new z > 10 galaxies. Medium-band data improve redshift estimates, revealing two lensed (mu ~ 3.3) z ~ 12 galaxies in a close pair with beta_UV ~> -1.5 at an UV absolute magnitude of M_UV ~ -19 mag, lying away from typical scatter on previously known MUV-betaUV relations. SED fitting with Prospector, Bagpipes, and EAZY support their high-z nature, with probability of low-z interlopers of p(z < 7) < 10%. The potential low-z interlopers are z ~ 3 quiescent galaxies (QGs), but unexpected to be detected at the given field of view unless z ~ 3 QG stellar mass function has a strong turn up at log Mstar/Msun ~ 9. Unlike typical blue high-redshift candidates (beta_UV ~< -2.0), these red slopes require either dust or nebular continuum reddening. The dust scenario implies Av ~ 0.8 mag, which is larger than theoretical predictions, but is consistent with a dust-to-stellar mass ratio (log M_dust/M_star ~ -3). The nebular scenario demands dense gas (log nH /cm^3 ~ 4.0) around hot stars (log Teff [K] ~ 4.9). Spectroscopic follow-up is essential to determine their true nature and reveal missing galaxies at the cosmic dawn.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_13240
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Discovery of red galaxy candidates at z ~ 12: Early dust growth or significant nebular emission with high-temperature stars?
Mitsuhashi, Ikki
Suess, Katherine A.
Leja, Joel
Dayal, Pratika
Feldmann, Robert
Fujimoto, Seiji
Katz, Harley
Nanayakkara, Themiya
Narayanan, Desika
Price, Sedona H.
Weaver, John R.
Williams, Christina C.
Labbe, Ivo
Bezanson, Rachel
Atek, Hakim
Brammer, Gabriel
Cutler, Sam E.
Furtak, Lukas J.
Pan, Richard
Wang, Bingjie
Whitaker, Katherine E.
Astrophysics of Galaxies
We report the discovery of two z ~ 12 galaxy candidates with unusually red UV slopes (betaUV ~> -1.5), and probe the origin of such colors at cosmic dawn. From Prospector fits to the UNCOVER/MegaScience dataset -- deep JWST/NIRCam imaging of Abell 2744 in 20 broad- and medium-bands -- we identify several new z > 10 galaxies. Medium-band data improve redshift estimates, revealing two lensed (mu ~ 3.3) z ~ 12 galaxies in a close pair with beta_UV ~> -1.5 at an UV absolute magnitude of M_UV ~ -19 mag, lying away from typical scatter on previously known MUV-betaUV relations. SED fitting with Prospector, Bagpipes, and EAZY support their high-z nature, with probability of low-z interlopers of p(z < 7) < 10%. The potential low-z interlopers are z ~ 3 quiescent galaxies (QGs), but unexpected to be detected at the given field of view unless z ~ 3 QG stellar mass function has a strong turn up at log Mstar/Msun ~ 9. Unlike typical blue high-redshift candidates (beta_UV ~< -2.0), these red slopes require either dust or nebular continuum reddening. The dust scenario implies Av ~ 0.8 mag, which is larger than theoretical predictions, but is consistent with a dust-to-stellar mass ratio (log M_dust/M_star ~ -3). The nebular scenario demands dense gas (log nH /cm^3 ~ 4.0) around hot stars (log Teff [K] ~ 4.9). Spectroscopic follow-up is essential to determine their true nature and reveal missing galaxies at the cosmic dawn.
title Discovery of red galaxy candidates at z ~ 12: Early dust growth or significant nebular emission with high-temperature stars?
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13240