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Main Authors: Rinaldi, Ilaria, Cartechini, Giorgio, Schiavi, Angelo, Gajewski, Jan, Krah, Nils, Rucinski, Antoni, Freixas, Gloria Vilches, Patera, Vincenzo, Nijsten, Sebastiaan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13300
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author Rinaldi, Ilaria
Cartechini, Giorgio
Schiavi, Angelo
Gajewski, Jan
Krah, Nils
Rucinski, Antoni
Freixas, Gloria Vilches
Patera, Vincenzo
Nijsten, Sebastiaan
author_facet Rinaldi, Ilaria
Cartechini, Giorgio
Schiavi, Angelo
Gajewski, Jan
Krah, Nils
Rucinski, Antoni
Freixas, Gloria Vilches
Patera, Vincenzo
Nijsten, Sebastiaan
contents At the Maastro Proton Therapy Center in Maastricht, patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) using an independent GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo (MC) calculation has fully replaced conventional measurements, which are time-consuming and have limited sensitivity to clinically relevant errors. A fully automated and robust pipeline was developed, integrating two clinical workflows based on the fast MC code Fred. The system is fully operational, and automatic verification reports are part of daily clinical practice. The first workflow performs a pre-treatment dose recalculation in Fred using the planning CT and clinical plan. The second uses Fred with machine log files to verify the actually delivered dose. Both generate automatic reports for clinical review. Over five years, this workflow has become part of routine clinical operations, providing robust 3D dosimetric verification in heterogeneous anatomies. So far, Fred has recalculated more than 6000 pre-treatment plans and 3513 log file-based PSQA cases, saving an estimated 4090 hours of QA work. The pipeline identified true negatives and detected two planning-related failures that would have been missed by conventional measurements. No false positives or negatives were observed, confirming high accuracy and reliability. The MC-based PSQA pipeline offers an efficient, sensitive, and clinically meaningful alternative to measurement-based QA in pencil beam scanning proton therapy. By eliminating routine measurements, it saves resources while improving patient safety and treatment quality. Five years of experience confirm that measurement-less MC-based PSQA is a viable and superior approach, providing full 3D verification and early error detection - a practical blueprint for other proton therapy centres.
format Preprint
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Five Years of Clinical Application of independent Monte Carlo-Based Patient-Specific Quality Assurance at the Maastro Proton Therapy Center
Rinaldi, Ilaria
Cartechini, Giorgio
Schiavi, Angelo
Gajewski, Jan
Krah, Nils
Rucinski, Antoni
Freixas, Gloria Vilches
Patera, Vincenzo
Nijsten, Sebastiaan
Medical Physics
At the Maastro Proton Therapy Center in Maastricht, patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) using an independent GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo (MC) calculation has fully replaced conventional measurements, which are time-consuming and have limited sensitivity to clinically relevant errors. A fully automated and robust pipeline was developed, integrating two clinical workflows based on the fast MC code Fred. The system is fully operational, and automatic verification reports are part of daily clinical practice. The first workflow performs a pre-treatment dose recalculation in Fred using the planning CT and clinical plan. The second uses Fred with machine log files to verify the actually delivered dose. Both generate automatic reports for clinical review. Over five years, this workflow has become part of routine clinical operations, providing robust 3D dosimetric verification in heterogeneous anatomies. So far, Fred has recalculated more than 6000 pre-treatment plans and 3513 log file-based PSQA cases, saving an estimated 4090 hours of QA work. The pipeline identified true negatives and detected two planning-related failures that would have been missed by conventional measurements. No false positives or negatives were observed, confirming high accuracy and reliability. The MC-based PSQA pipeline offers an efficient, sensitive, and clinically meaningful alternative to measurement-based QA in pencil beam scanning proton therapy. By eliminating routine measurements, it saves resources while improving patient safety and treatment quality. Five years of experience confirm that measurement-less MC-based PSQA is a viable and superior approach, providing full 3D verification and early error detection - a practical blueprint for other proton therapy centres.
title Five Years of Clinical Application of independent Monte Carlo-Based Patient-Specific Quality Assurance at the Maastro Proton Therapy Center
topic Medical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13300