Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Laitenberger, Filipe, Kopiczko, Dawid, Snoek, Cees G. M., Asano, Yuki M.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13876
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866914313279635456
author Laitenberger, Filipe
Kopiczko, Dawid
Snoek, Cees G. M.
Asano, Yuki M.
author_facet Laitenberger, Filipe
Kopiczko, Dawid
Snoek, Cees G. M.
Asano, Yuki M.
contents We introduce GateSkip, a simple residual-stream gating mechanism that enables token-wise layer skipping in decoder-only LMs. Each Attention/MLP branch is equipped with a sigmoid-linear gate that condenses the branch's output before it re-enters the residual stream. During inference we rank tokens by the gate values and skip low-importance ones using a per-layer budget. While early-exit or router-based Mixture-of-Depths models are known to be unstable and need extensive retraining, our smooth, differentiable gates fine-tune stably on top of pretrained models. On long-form reasoning, we save up to 15% compute while retaining over 90% of baseline accuracy. For increasingly larger models, this tradeoff improves drastically. On instruction-tuned models we see accuracy gains at full compute and match baseline quality near 50% savings. The learned gates give insight into transformer information flow (e.g., BOS tokens act as anchors), and the method combines easily with quantization, pruning, and self-speculative decoding.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_13876
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle What Layers When: Learning to Skip Compute in LLMs with Residual Gates
Laitenberger, Filipe
Kopiczko, Dawid
Snoek, Cees G. M.
Asano, Yuki M.
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
We introduce GateSkip, a simple residual-stream gating mechanism that enables token-wise layer skipping in decoder-only LMs. Each Attention/MLP branch is equipped with a sigmoid-linear gate that condenses the branch's output before it re-enters the residual stream. During inference we rank tokens by the gate values and skip low-importance ones using a per-layer budget. While early-exit or router-based Mixture-of-Depths models are known to be unstable and need extensive retraining, our smooth, differentiable gates fine-tune stably on top of pretrained models. On long-form reasoning, we save up to 15% compute while retaining over 90% of baseline accuracy. For increasingly larger models, this tradeoff improves drastically. On instruction-tuned models we see accuracy gains at full compute and match baseline quality near 50% savings. The learned gates give insight into transformer information flow (e.g., BOS tokens act as anchors), and the method combines easily with quantization, pruning, and self-speculative decoding.
title What Layers When: Learning to Skip Compute in LLMs with Residual Gates
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13876