NGTS-11 c: a transiting Neptune-mass planet interior to the warm Saturn NGTS-11 b
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2025
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| author | Anderson, David R. Vines, Jose I. Hesse, Katharine Nielsen, Louise Dyregaard Brahm, Rafael Moyano, Maximiliano Wheatley, Peter J. Barkaoui, Khalid Bieryla, Allyson Burleigh, Matthew R. Cloutier, Ryan Collins, Karen A. Evans, Phil Howell, Steve B. Kielkopf, John Lewin, Pablo Schwarz, Richard P. Shporer, Avi Tan, Thiam-Guan Timmermans, Mathilde Triaud, Amaury H. M. J. Ziegler, Carl Apergis, Ioannis Armstrong, David J. Alves, Douglas R. Bayliss, Daniel Bouchy, Francois Casewell, Sarah L. Chaushev, Alexander Davies, Benjamin D. R. Daylan, Tansu Ducrot, Elsa Ghachoui, Mourad Gill, Samuel Gillen, Edward Gillon, Michael Gunther, Maximilian N. Henning, Thomas Hobson, Melissa Horne, Keith Jehin, Emmanuel Jenkins, James S. Jordan, Andres Kunimoto, Michelle Lachaume, Regis Lendl, Monika McCormac, James Murgas, Felipe Murray, Catriona Osborn, Ares Pozuelos, Francisco J. Queloz, Didier Saha, Suman Sebastian, Daniel Smith, Alexis M. S. Udry, Stephane Ulmer-Moll, Solène Vanderburg, Andrew West, Richard G. |
| author_facet | Anderson, David R. Vines, Jose I. Hesse, Katharine Nielsen, Louise Dyregaard Brahm, Rafael Moyano, Maximiliano Wheatley, Peter J. Barkaoui, Khalid Bieryla, Allyson Burleigh, Matthew R. Cloutier, Ryan Collins, Karen A. Evans, Phil Howell, Steve B. Kielkopf, John Lewin, Pablo Schwarz, Richard P. Shporer, Avi Tan, Thiam-Guan Timmermans, Mathilde Triaud, Amaury H. M. J. Ziegler, Carl Apergis, Ioannis Armstrong, David J. Alves, Douglas R. Bayliss, Daniel Bouchy, Francois Casewell, Sarah L. Chaushev, Alexander Davies, Benjamin D. R. Daylan, Tansu Ducrot, Elsa Ghachoui, Mourad Gill, Samuel Gillen, Edward Gillon, Michael Gunther, Maximilian N. Henning, Thomas Hobson, Melissa Horne, Keith Jehin, Emmanuel Jenkins, James S. Jordan, Andres Kunimoto, Michelle Lachaume, Regis Lendl, Monika McCormac, James Murgas, Felipe Murray, Catriona Osborn, Ares Pozuelos, Francisco J. Queloz, Didier Saha, Suman Sebastian, Daniel Smith, Alexis M. S. Udry, Stephane Ulmer-Moll, Solène Vanderburg, Andrew West, Richard G. |
| contents | We report the discovery of NGTS-11 c, a transiting warm Neptune ($P \approx 12.8$ d; $M_{p} = 1.2^{+0.3}_{-0.2} M_{\mathrm{Nep}}$; $R_{p} = 1.24 \pm 0.03 R_{\mathrm{Nep}}$), in an orbit interior to the previously reported transiting warm Saturn NGTS-11 b ($P \approx 35.5$ d). We also find evidence of a third outer companion orbiting the K-dwarf NGTS-11. We first detected transits of NGTS-11 c in TESS light curves and confirmed them with follow-up transits from NGTS and many other ground-based facilities. Radial-velocity monitoring with the HARPS and FEROS spectrographs revealed the mass of NGTS-11 c and provides evidence for a long-period companion ($P > 2300$ d; $M_{p} \sin i > 3.6 M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$). Taking into account the two additional bodies in our expanded datasets, we find that the mass of NGTS-11 b ($M_{p} = 0.63 \pm 0.09 M_{\mathrm{Sat}}$; $R_{p} = 0.97 \pm 0.02 R_{\mathrm{Sat}}$) is lower than previously reported ($M_{p} = 1.2 \pm 0.3 M_{\mathrm{Sat}}$). Given their near-circular and compact orbits, NGTS-11 c and b are unlikely to have reached their present locations via high-eccentricity migration. Instead, they probably either formed in situ or formed farther out and then underwent disk migration. A comparison of NGTS-11 with the eight other known systems hosting multiple well-characterized warm giants shows that it is most similar to Kepler-56. Finally, we find that the commonly used 10-day boundary between hot and warm Jupiters is empirically well supported. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_14083 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | NGTS-11 c: a transiting Neptune-mass planet interior to the warm Saturn NGTS-11 b Anderson, David R. Vines, Jose I. Hesse, Katharine Nielsen, Louise Dyregaard Brahm, Rafael Moyano, Maximiliano Wheatley, Peter J. Barkaoui, Khalid Bieryla, Allyson Burleigh, Matthew R. Cloutier, Ryan Collins, Karen A. Evans, Phil Howell, Steve B. Kielkopf, John Lewin, Pablo Schwarz, Richard P. Shporer, Avi Tan, Thiam-Guan Timmermans, Mathilde Triaud, Amaury H. M. J. Ziegler, Carl Apergis, Ioannis Armstrong, David J. Alves, Douglas R. Bayliss, Daniel Bouchy, Francois Casewell, Sarah L. Chaushev, Alexander Davies, Benjamin D. R. Daylan, Tansu Ducrot, Elsa Ghachoui, Mourad Gill, Samuel Gillen, Edward Gillon, Michael Gunther, Maximilian N. Henning, Thomas Hobson, Melissa Horne, Keith Jehin, Emmanuel Jenkins, James S. Jordan, Andres Kunimoto, Michelle Lachaume, Regis Lendl, Monika McCormac, James Murgas, Felipe Murray, Catriona Osborn, Ares Pozuelos, Francisco J. Queloz, Didier Saha, Suman Sebastian, Daniel Smith, Alexis M. S. Udry, Stephane Ulmer-Moll, Solène Vanderburg, Andrew West, Richard G. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics We report the discovery of NGTS-11 c, a transiting warm Neptune ($P \approx 12.8$ d; $M_{p} = 1.2^{+0.3}_{-0.2} M_{\mathrm{Nep}}$; $R_{p} = 1.24 \pm 0.03 R_{\mathrm{Nep}}$), in an orbit interior to the previously reported transiting warm Saturn NGTS-11 b ($P \approx 35.5$ d). We also find evidence of a third outer companion orbiting the K-dwarf NGTS-11. We first detected transits of NGTS-11 c in TESS light curves and confirmed them with follow-up transits from NGTS and many other ground-based facilities. Radial-velocity monitoring with the HARPS and FEROS spectrographs revealed the mass of NGTS-11 c and provides evidence for a long-period companion ($P > 2300$ d; $M_{p} \sin i > 3.6 M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$). Taking into account the two additional bodies in our expanded datasets, we find that the mass of NGTS-11 b ($M_{p} = 0.63 \pm 0.09 M_{\mathrm{Sat}}$; $R_{p} = 0.97 \pm 0.02 R_{\mathrm{Sat}}$) is lower than previously reported ($M_{p} = 1.2 \pm 0.3 M_{\mathrm{Sat}}$). Given their near-circular and compact orbits, NGTS-11 c and b are unlikely to have reached their present locations via high-eccentricity migration. Instead, they probably either formed in situ or formed farther out and then underwent disk migration. A comparison of NGTS-11 with the eight other known systems hosting multiple well-characterized warm giants shows that it is most similar to Kepler-56. Finally, we find that the commonly used 10-day boundary between hot and warm Jupiters is empirically well supported. |
| title | NGTS-11 c: a transiting Neptune-mass planet interior to the warm Saturn NGTS-11 b |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.14083 |