NIRPS and TESS reveal a peculiar system around the M dwarf TOI-756: A transiting sub-Neptune and a cold eccentric giant
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Parc, Léna Bouchy, François Cook, Neil J. Grieves, Nolan Artigau, Étienne L'Heureux, Alexandrine Doyon, René Messias, Yuri S. Baron, Frédérique Barros, Susana C. C. Benneke, Björn Bonfils, Xavier Bryan, Marta Martins, Bruno L. Canto Cloutier, Ryan Cowan, Nicolas B. de Freitas, Daniel Brito De Medeiros, Jose Renan Delfosse, Xavier Delgado-Mena, Elisa Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Figueira, Pedro Hernández, Jonay I. González Lafrenière, David Leão, Izan de Castro Lovis, Christophe Malo, Lison Melo, Claudio Mignon, Lucile Mordasini, Christoph Pepe, Francesco Rebolo, Rafael Rowe, Jason Santos, Nuno C. Ségransan, Damien Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez Udry, Stéphane Valencia, Diana Wade, Gregg Abreu, Manuel Aguiar, José L. A. Moulla, Khaled Al Allain, Guillaume Allart, Romain Almenara, Jose Manuel Arial, Tomy Auger, Hugues Bazinet, Luc Blind, Nicolas Bohlender, David Boisse, Isabelle Boucher, Anne Bourrier, Vincent Bovay, Sébastien Branco, Pedro Broeg, Christopher Brousseau, Denis Cabral, Alexandre Cadieux, Charles Carmona, Andres Carteret, Yann Challita, Zalpha Charbonneau, David Chazelas, Bruno Clark, Catherine A. Coelho, João Cointepas, Marion Collins, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Conod, Uriel Cristo, Eduardo Silva, Ana Rita Costa Darveau-Bernier, Antoine Dauplaise, Laurie Delisle, Jean-Baptiste Gomes, Roseane de Lima Faria, João Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Frensch, Yolanda G. C. Gagné, Jonathan Genest, Frédéric Genolet, Ludovic da Silva, João Gomes Témich, Félix Gracia Gromek, Nicole Hernandez, Olivier Hobson, Melissa J. Hoeijmakers, Jens H. Hubin, Norbert Jafariyazani, Marziye Jahandar, Farbod Jayawardhana, Ray Käufl, Hans-Ulrich Kerley, Dan Kolb, Johann Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran Kung, Benjamin Lamontagne, Pierrot Larue, Pierre Leath, Henry Lim, Olivia Curto, Gaspare Lo Martins, Allan M. Matthews, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Jaymie Mayer, Jean-Sébastien Metchev, Stan Messamah, Lina Moranta, Leslie Mounzer, Dany Nari, Nicola Nielsen, Louise D. Osborn, Ares Ouellet, Mathieu Otegi, Jon Pasquini, Luca Passegger, Vera M. Pelletier, Stefan Peroux, Céline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline Plotnykov, Mykhaylo Pompei, Emanuela Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie Rasilla, José Luis Reshetov, Vladimir Saint-Antoine, Jonathan Sarajlic, Mirsad Saviane, Ivo Schnell, Robin Segovia, Alex Seidel, Julia Silber, Armin Sinclair, Peter Sordet, Michael Sosnowska, Danuta Srivastava, Avidaan Stefanov, Atanas K. Teixeira, Márcio A. Thibault, Simon Vallée, Philippe Vandal, Thomas Vaulato, Valentina Wardenier, Joost P. Wehbe, Bachar Weisserman, Drew Wevers, Ivan Wildi, François Yariv, Vincent Zins, Gérard |
| author_facet | Parc, Léna Bouchy, François Cook, Neil J. Grieves, Nolan Artigau, Étienne L'Heureux, Alexandrine Doyon, René Messias, Yuri S. Baron, Frédérique Barros, Susana C. C. Benneke, Björn Bonfils, Xavier Bryan, Marta Martins, Bruno L. Canto Cloutier, Ryan Cowan, Nicolas B. de Freitas, Daniel Brito De Medeiros, Jose Renan Delfosse, Xavier Delgado-Mena, Elisa Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Figueira, Pedro Hernández, Jonay I. González Lafrenière, David Leão, Izan de Castro Lovis, Christophe Malo, Lison Melo, Claudio Mignon, Lucile Mordasini, Christoph Pepe, Francesco Rebolo, Rafael Rowe, Jason Santos, Nuno C. Ségransan, Damien Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez Udry, Stéphane Valencia, Diana Wade, Gregg Abreu, Manuel Aguiar, José L. A. Moulla, Khaled Al Allain, Guillaume Allart, Romain Almenara, Jose Manuel Arial, Tomy Auger, Hugues Bazinet, Luc Blind, Nicolas Bohlender, David Boisse, Isabelle Boucher, Anne Bourrier, Vincent Bovay, Sébastien Branco, Pedro Broeg, Christopher Brousseau, Denis Cabral, Alexandre Cadieux, Charles Carmona, Andres Carteret, Yann Challita, Zalpha Charbonneau, David Chazelas, Bruno Clark, Catherine A. Coelho, João Cointepas, Marion Collins, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Conod, Uriel Cristo, Eduardo Silva, Ana Rita Costa Darveau-Bernier, Antoine Dauplaise, Laurie Delisle, Jean-Baptiste Gomes, Roseane de Lima Faria, João Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Frensch, Yolanda G. C. Gagné, Jonathan Genest, Frédéric Genolet, Ludovic da Silva, João Gomes Témich, Félix Gracia Gromek, Nicole Hernandez, Olivier Hobson, Melissa J. Hoeijmakers, Jens H. Hubin, Norbert Jafariyazani, Marziye Jahandar, Farbod Jayawardhana, Ray Käufl, Hans-Ulrich Kerley, Dan Kolb, Johann Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran Kung, Benjamin Lamontagne, Pierrot Larue, Pierre Leath, Henry Lim, Olivia Curto, Gaspare Lo Martins, Allan M. Matthews, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Jaymie Mayer, Jean-Sébastien Metchev, Stan Messamah, Lina Moranta, Leslie Mounzer, Dany Nari, Nicola Nielsen, Louise D. Osborn, Ares Ouellet, Mathieu Otegi, Jon Pasquini, Luca Passegger, Vera M. Pelletier, Stefan Peroux, Céline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline Plotnykov, Mykhaylo Pompei, Emanuela Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie Rasilla, José Luis Reshetov, Vladimir Saint-Antoine, Jonathan Sarajlic, Mirsad Saviane, Ivo Schnell, Robin Segovia, Alex Seidel, Julia Silber, Armin Sinclair, Peter Sordet, Michael Sosnowska, Danuta Srivastava, Avidaan Stefanov, Atanas K. Teixeira, Márcio A. Thibault, Simon Vallée, Philippe Vandal, Thomas Vaulato, Valentina Wardenier, Joost P. Wehbe, Bachar Weisserman, Drew Wevers, Ivan Wildi, François Yariv, Vincent Zins, Gérard |
| contents | The Near InfraRed Planet Searcher (NIRPS) joined HARPS on the 3.6-m ESO telescope at La Silla Observatory in April 2023, dedicating part of its Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO) program to the radial velocity follow-up of TESS planet candidates to confirm and characterize transiting planets around M dwarfs. We report the first results of this program with the characterization of the TOI-756 system, which consists of TOI-756 b, a transiting sub-Neptune candidate detected by TESS, as well as TOI-756 c, an additional non-transiting planet discovered by NIRPS and HARPS. TOI-756 b is a 1.24-day period sub-Neptune with a radius of 2.81 $\pm$ 0.10 $R_\oplus$ and a mass of 9.8$^{+1.8}_{-1.6}$ $M_\oplus$. TOI-756 c is a cold eccentric (e$_c$ = 0.45 $\pm$ 0.01) giant planet orbiting with a period of 149.6 days around its star with a minimum mass of 4.05 $\pm$ 0.11 $M_\mathrm{jup}$. Additionally, a linear trend of 146$~\mathrm{m\,s}^{-1}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ is visible in the radial velocities, hinting at a third component, possibly in the planetary or brown dwarf regime. This system is unique in the exoplanet landscape, standing as the first confirmed example of such a planetary architecture around an M dwarf. With a density of 2.42 $\pm$ 0.49 g cm$^{-3}$, the inner planet, TOI-756 b, is a volatile-rich sub-Neptune. Assuming a pure H/He envelope, we inferred an atmospheric mass fraction of 0.023 and a core mass fraction of 0.27, which is well constrained by stellar refractory abundances derived from NIRPS spectra. It falls within the still poorly explored radius cliff and at the lower boundary of the Neptune desert, making it a prime target for a future atmospheric characterization with JWST to improve our understanding of this population. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_14927 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | NIRPS and TESS reveal a peculiar system around the M dwarf TOI-756: A transiting sub-Neptune and a cold eccentric giant Parc, Léna Bouchy, François Cook, Neil J. Grieves, Nolan Artigau, Étienne L'Heureux, Alexandrine Doyon, René Messias, Yuri S. Baron, Frédérique Barros, Susana C. C. Benneke, Björn Bonfils, Xavier Bryan, Marta Martins, Bruno L. Canto Cloutier, Ryan Cowan, Nicolas B. de Freitas, Daniel Brito De Medeiros, Jose Renan Delfosse, Xavier Delgado-Mena, Elisa Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Figueira, Pedro Hernández, Jonay I. González Lafrenière, David Leão, Izan de Castro Lovis, Christophe Malo, Lison Melo, Claudio Mignon, Lucile Mordasini, Christoph Pepe, Francesco Rebolo, Rafael Rowe, Jason Santos, Nuno C. Ségransan, Damien Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez Udry, Stéphane Valencia, Diana Wade, Gregg Abreu, Manuel Aguiar, José L. A. Moulla, Khaled Al Allain, Guillaume Allart, Romain Almenara, Jose Manuel Arial, Tomy Auger, Hugues Bazinet, Luc Blind, Nicolas Bohlender, David Boisse, Isabelle Boucher, Anne Bourrier, Vincent Bovay, Sébastien Branco, Pedro Broeg, Christopher Brousseau, Denis Cabral, Alexandre Cadieux, Charles Carmona, Andres Carteret, Yann Challita, Zalpha Charbonneau, David Chazelas, Bruno Clark, Catherine A. Coelho, João Cointepas, Marion Collins, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Conod, Uriel Cristo, Eduardo Silva, Ana Rita Costa Darveau-Bernier, Antoine Dauplaise, Laurie Delisle, Jean-Baptiste Gomes, Roseane de Lima Faria, João Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Frensch, Yolanda G. C. Gagné, Jonathan Genest, Frédéric Genolet, Ludovic da Silva, João Gomes Témich, Félix Gracia Gromek, Nicole Hernandez, Olivier Hobson, Melissa J. Hoeijmakers, Jens H. Hubin, Norbert Jafariyazani, Marziye Jahandar, Farbod Jayawardhana, Ray Käufl, Hans-Ulrich Kerley, Dan Kolb, Johann Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran Kung, Benjamin Lamontagne, Pierrot Larue, Pierre Leath, Henry Lim, Olivia Curto, Gaspare Lo Martins, Allan M. Matthews, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Jaymie Mayer, Jean-Sébastien Metchev, Stan Messamah, Lina Moranta, Leslie Mounzer, Dany Nari, Nicola Nielsen, Louise D. Osborn, Ares Ouellet, Mathieu Otegi, Jon Pasquini, Luca Passegger, Vera M. Pelletier, Stefan Peroux, Céline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline Plotnykov, Mykhaylo Pompei, Emanuela Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie Rasilla, José Luis Reshetov, Vladimir Saint-Antoine, Jonathan Sarajlic, Mirsad Saviane, Ivo Schnell, Robin Segovia, Alex Seidel, Julia Silber, Armin Sinclair, Peter Sordet, Michael Sosnowska, Danuta Srivastava, Avidaan Stefanov, Atanas K. Teixeira, Márcio A. Thibault, Simon Vallée, Philippe Vandal, Thomas Vaulato, Valentina Wardenier, Joost P. Wehbe, Bachar Weisserman, Drew Wevers, Ivan Wildi, François Yariv, Vincent Zins, Gérard Earth and Planetary Astrophysics The Near InfraRed Planet Searcher (NIRPS) joined HARPS on the 3.6-m ESO telescope at La Silla Observatory in April 2023, dedicating part of its Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO) program to the radial velocity follow-up of TESS planet candidates to confirm and characterize transiting planets around M dwarfs. We report the first results of this program with the characterization of the TOI-756 system, which consists of TOI-756 b, a transiting sub-Neptune candidate detected by TESS, as well as TOI-756 c, an additional non-transiting planet discovered by NIRPS and HARPS. TOI-756 b is a 1.24-day period sub-Neptune with a radius of 2.81 $\pm$ 0.10 $R_\oplus$ and a mass of 9.8$^{+1.8}_{-1.6}$ $M_\oplus$. TOI-756 c is a cold eccentric (e$_c$ = 0.45 $\pm$ 0.01) giant planet orbiting with a period of 149.6 days around its star with a minimum mass of 4.05 $\pm$ 0.11 $M_\mathrm{jup}$. Additionally, a linear trend of 146$~\mathrm{m\,s}^{-1}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ is visible in the radial velocities, hinting at a third component, possibly in the planetary or brown dwarf regime. This system is unique in the exoplanet landscape, standing as the first confirmed example of such a planetary architecture around an M dwarf. With a density of 2.42 $\pm$ 0.49 g cm$^{-3}$, the inner planet, TOI-756 b, is a volatile-rich sub-Neptune. Assuming a pure H/He envelope, we inferred an atmospheric mass fraction of 0.023 and a core mass fraction of 0.27, which is well constrained by stellar refractory abundances derived from NIRPS spectra. It falls within the still poorly explored radius cliff and at the lower boundary of the Neptune desert, making it a prime target for a future atmospheric characterization with JWST to improve our understanding of this population. |
| title | NIRPS and TESS reveal a peculiar system around the M dwarf TOI-756: A transiting sub-Neptune and a cold eccentric giant |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.14927 |