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Main Authors: Li, Yitong, Buchert, Ralph, Schmitz-Koep, Benita, Grimmer, Timo, Ommer, Björn, Hedderich, Dennis M., Yakushev, Igor, Wachinger, Christian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.15556
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author Li, Yitong
Buchert, Ralph
Schmitz-Koep, Benita
Grimmer, Timo
Ommer, Björn
Hedderich, Dennis M.
Yakushev, Igor
Wachinger, Christian
author_facet Li, Yitong
Buchert, Ralph
Schmitz-Koep, Benita
Grimmer, Timo
Ommer, Björn
Hedderich, Dennis M.
Yakushev, Igor
Wachinger, Christian
contents Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is an established tool in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected dementing disorders. However, compared to the routinely available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), FDG-PET remains significantly less accessible and substantially more expensive. Here, we present SiM2P, a 3D diffusion bridge-based framework that learns a probabilistic mapping from MRI and auxiliary patient information to simulate FDG-PET images of diagnostic quality. In a blinded clinical reader study, two neuroradiologists and two nuclear medicine physicians rated the original MRI and SiM2P-simulated PET images of patients with Alzheimer's disease, behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia, and cognitively healthy controls. SiM2P significantly improved the overall diagnostic accuracy of differentiating between three groups from 75.0% to 84.7% (p<0.05). Notably, the simulated PET images received higher diagnostic certainty ratings and achieved superior interrater agreement compared to the MRI images. Finally, we developed a practical workflow for local deployment of the SiM2P framework. It requires as few as 20 site-specific cases and only basic demographic information. This approach makes the established diagnostic benefits of FDG-PET imaging more accessible to patients with suspected dementing disorders, potentially improving early detection and differential diagnosis in resource-limited settings. Our code is available at https://github.com/Yiiitong/SiM2P.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_15556
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publishDate 2025
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spellingShingle Diffusion Bridge Networks Simulate Clinical-grade PET from MRI for Dementia Diagnostics
Li, Yitong
Buchert, Ralph
Schmitz-Koep, Benita
Grimmer, Timo
Ommer, Björn
Hedderich, Dennis M.
Yakushev, Igor
Wachinger, Christian
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is an established tool in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected dementing disorders. However, compared to the routinely available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), FDG-PET remains significantly less accessible and substantially more expensive. Here, we present SiM2P, a 3D diffusion bridge-based framework that learns a probabilistic mapping from MRI and auxiliary patient information to simulate FDG-PET images of diagnostic quality. In a blinded clinical reader study, two neuroradiologists and two nuclear medicine physicians rated the original MRI and SiM2P-simulated PET images of patients with Alzheimer's disease, behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia, and cognitively healthy controls. SiM2P significantly improved the overall diagnostic accuracy of differentiating between three groups from 75.0% to 84.7% (p<0.05). Notably, the simulated PET images received higher diagnostic certainty ratings and achieved superior interrater agreement compared to the MRI images. Finally, we developed a practical workflow for local deployment of the SiM2P framework. It requires as few as 20 site-specific cases and only basic demographic information. This approach makes the established diagnostic benefits of FDG-PET imaging more accessible to patients with suspected dementing disorders, potentially improving early detection and differential diagnosis in resource-limited settings. Our code is available at https://github.com/Yiiitong/SiM2P.
title Diffusion Bridge Networks Simulate Clinical-grade PET from MRI for Dementia Diagnostics
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.15556