Large Language Models in Architecture Studio: A Framework for Learning Outcomes

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Rodriguez, Juan David Salazar, Joyce, Sam Conrad, Sockalingam, Nachamma, Tat, Khoo Eng, Julfendi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866908605731569664
author Rodriguez, Juan David Salazar
Joyce, Sam Conrad
Sockalingam, Nachamma
Tat, Khoo Eng
Julfendi
author_facet Rodriguez, Juan David Salazar
Joyce, Sam Conrad
Sockalingam, Nachamma
Tat, Khoo Eng
Julfendi
contents The study explores the role of large language models (LLMs) in the context of the architectural design studio, understood as the pedagogical core of architectural education. Traditionally, the studio has functioned as an experiential learning space where students tackle design problems through reflective practice, peer critique, and faculty guidance. However, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in this environment has been largely focused on form generation, automation, and representation-al efficiency, neglecting its potential as a pedagogical tool to strengthen student autonomy, collaboration, and self-reflection. The objectives of this research were: (1) to identify pedagogical challenges in self-directed, peer-to-peer, and teacher-guided learning processes in architecture studies; (2) to propose AI interventions, particularly through LLM, that contribute to overcoming these challenges; and (3) to align these interventions with measurable learning outcomes using Bloom's taxonomy. The findings show that the main challenges include managing student autonomy, tensions in peer feedback, and the difficulty of balancing the transmission of technical knowledge with the stimulation of creativity in teaching. In response to this, LLMs are emerging as complementary agents capable of generating personalized feedback, organizing collaborative interactions, and offering adaptive cognitive scaffolding. Furthermore, their implementation can be linked to the cognitive levels of Bloom's taxonomy: facilitating the recall and understanding of architectural concepts, supporting application and analysis through interactive case studies, and encouraging synthesis and evaluation through hypothetical design scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_15936
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Large Language Models in Architecture Studio: A Framework for Learning Outcomes
Rodriguez, Juan David Salazar
Joyce, Sam Conrad
Sockalingam, Nachamma
Tat, Khoo Eng
Julfendi
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
The study explores the role of large language models (LLMs) in the context of the architectural design studio, understood as the pedagogical core of architectural education. Traditionally, the studio has functioned as an experiential learning space where students tackle design problems through reflective practice, peer critique, and faculty guidance. However, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in this environment has been largely focused on form generation, automation, and representation-al efficiency, neglecting its potential as a pedagogical tool to strengthen student autonomy, collaboration, and self-reflection. The objectives of this research were: (1) to identify pedagogical challenges in self-directed, peer-to-peer, and teacher-guided learning processes in architecture studies; (2) to propose AI interventions, particularly through LLM, that contribute to overcoming these challenges; and (3) to align these interventions with measurable learning outcomes using Bloom's taxonomy. The findings show that the main challenges include managing student autonomy, tensions in peer feedback, and the difficulty of balancing the transmission of technical knowledge with the stimulation of creativity in teaching. In response to this, LLMs are emerging as complementary agents capable of generating personalized feedback, organizing collaborative interactions, and offering adaptive cognitive scaffolding. Furthermore, their implementation can be linked to the cognitive levels of Bloom's taxonomy: facilitating the recall and understanding of architectural concepts, supporting application and analysis through interactive case studies, and encouraging synthesis and evaluation through hypothetical design scenarios.
title Large Language Models in Architecture Studio: A Framework for Learning Outcomes
topic Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.15936