Residual Correction Models for AC Optimal Power Flow Using DC Optimal Power Flow Solutions

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Za'ter, Muhy Eddin, Hodge, Bri-Mathias, Baker, Kyri
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Za'ter, Muhy Eddin
Hodge, Bri-Mathias
Baker, Kyri
author_facet Za'ter, Muhy Eddin
Hodge, Bri-Mathias
Baker, Kyri
contents Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF) solutions as a baseline, and learns only the nonlinear corrections required to provide the full AC-OPF solution. The method utilizes a topology-aware Graph Neural Network with local attention and two-level DC feature integration, trained using a physics-informed loss that enforces AC power-flow feasibility and operational limits. Evaluations on OPFData for 57-, 118-, and 2000-bus systems show around 25% lower MSE, up to 3X reduction in feasibility error, and up to 13X runtime speedup compared to conventional AC OPF solvers. The model maintains accuracy under N-1 contingencies and scales efficiently to large networks. These results demonstrate that residual learning is a practical and scalable bridge between linear approximations and AC-feasible OPF, enabling near real-time operational decision making.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_16064
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Residual Correction Models for AC Optimal Power Flow Using DC Optimal Power Flow Solutions
Za'ter, Muhy Eddin
Hodge, Bri-Mathias
Baker, Kyri
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Systems and Control
Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF) solutions as a baseline, and learns only the nonlinear corrections required to provide the full AC-OPF solution. The method utilizes a topology-aware Graph Neural Network with local attention and two-level DC feature integration, trained using a physics-informed loss that enforces AC power-flow feasibility and operational limits. Evaluations on OPFData for 57-, 118-, and 2000-bus systems show around 25% lower MSE, up to 3X reduction in feasibility error, and up to 13X runtime speedup compared to conventional AC OPF solvers. The model maintains accuracy under N-1 contingencies and scales efficiently to large networks. These results demonstrate that residual learning is a practical and scalable bridge between linear approximations and AC-feasible OPF, enabling near real-time operational decision making.
title Residual Correction Models for AC Optimal Power Flow Using DC Optimal Power Flow Solutions
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16064