Surprise non-detection of Upsilon Andromedae b with MIRC-X and MYSTIC at the CHARA Array
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Gardner, Tyler Monnier, John D. Kraus, Stefan Rauscher, Emily Malsky, Isaac Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le Anugu, Narsireddy Chhabra, Sorabh Codron, Isabelle Davies, Claire L. Ibrahim, Noura Lanthermann, Cyprien Schaefer, Gail Setterholm, Benjamin R. |
| author_facet | Gardner, Tyler Monnier, John D. Kraus, Stefan Rauscher, Emily Malsky, Isaac Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le Anugu, Narsireddy Chhabra, Sorabh Codron, Isabelle Davies, Claire L. Ibrahim, Noura Lanthermann, Cyprien Schaefer, Gail Setterholm, Benjamin R. |
| contents | Ground-based long baseline interferometry is a powerful tool for characterizing exoplanets which are too close to their host star to be imaged with single-dish telescopes. The CHARA Array can resolve companions down to 0.5 milli-arcseconds, allowing us in principle to directly measure the near-infrared spectra of non-transiting "Hot Jupiter" exoplanets. We present data taken with the MIRC-X and MYSTIC instruments at the CHARA Array on the Hot Jupiter Upsilon Andromedae b. By resolving the star-planet system, we attempt to directly detect the flux from the planet. We describe our self-calibration methods for modeling systematics in the closure phase data, which allows us to reach sub-degree precision. Through combining multiple nights of data across two MIRC-X runs in 2019 and 2021, we achieved a very tentative detection of Ups And b in the H-band at a planet/star contrast of 2-3 x 10^-4. Unfortunately, we cannot confirm this detection with 2021 MYSTIC data in the K-band, or in a 2023 joint MIRC-X and MYSTIC dataset. We run updated global circulation models and create post-processed spectra for this planet, and report the resulting model spectra in H- and K-bands as a function of orbital phase. We then run planetary injection tests to explore H/K-band contrast limits, and find that we can confidently recover planets down to a planet/star contrast of 1-2 x 10^-4. We show that we are probing contrasts fainter than predicted by the model, making our non-detection surprising. We discuss prospects for the future in using this method to characterize companions with interferometry. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_16105 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Surprise non-detection of Upsilon Andromedae b with MIRC-X and MYSTIC at the CHARA Array Gardner, Tyler Monnier, John D. Kraus, Stefan Rauscher, Emily Malsky, Isaac Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le Anugu, Narsireddy Chhabra, Sorabh Codron, Isabelle Davies, Claire L. Ibrahim, Noura Lanthermann, Cyprien Schaefer, Gail Setterholm, Benjamin R. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Ground-based long baseline interferometry is a powerful tool for characterizing exoplanets which are too close to their host star to be imaged with single-dish telescopes. The CHARA Array can resolve companions down to 0.5 milli-arcseconds, allowing us in principle to directly measure the near-infrared spectra of non-transiting "Hot Jupiter" exoplanets. We present data taken with the MIRC-X and MYSTIC instruments at the CHARA Array on the Hot Jupiter Upsilon Andromedae b. By resolving the star-planet system, we attempt to directly detect the flux from the planet. We describe our self-calibration methods for modeling systematics in the closure phase data, which allows us to reach sub-degree precision. Through combining multiple nights of data across two MIRC-X runs in 2019 and 2021, we achieved a very tentative detection of Ups And b in the H-band at a planet/star contrast of 2-3 x 10^-4. Unfortunately, we cannot confirm this detection with 2021 MYSTIC data in the K-band, or in a 2023 joint MIRC-X and MYSTIC dataset. We run updated global circulation models and create post-processed spectra for this planet, and report the resulting model spectra in H- and K-bands as a function of orbital phase. We then run planetary injection tests to explore H/K-band contrast limits, and find that we can confidently recover planets down to a planet/star contrast of 1-2 x 10^-4. We show that we are probing contrasts fainter than predicted by the model, making our non-detection surprising. We discuss prospects for the future in using this method to characterize companions with interferometry. |
| title | Surprise non-detection of Upsilon Andromedae b with MIRC-X and MYSTIC at the CHARA Array |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16105 |