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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16109 |
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| _version_ | 1866917086221041664 |
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| author | Liodakis, Ioannis Chakraborty, Sudip Marin, Frédéric Ehlert, Steven R. Barnouin, Thibault Kouch, Pouya M. Nilsson, Kari Lindfors, Elina Pursimo, Tapio Paraschos, Georgios F. Middei, Riccardo Falcão, Anna Trindade Jorstad, Svetlana Agudo, Iván Kovalev, Yuri Y. Casey, Jacob J. Di Gesu, Laura Kaaret, Philip Kim, Dawoon E. Kislat, Fabian Ratheesh, Ajay Saade, M. Lynne Tombesi, Francesco Marscher, Alan Aceituno, Francisco José Bonnoli, Giacomo Casanova, Víctor Emery, Gabriel Pedrosa, Juan Escudero Morcuende, Daniel Otero-Santos, Jorge Sota, Alfredo Piirola, Vilppu Bachev, Rumen Strigachev, Anton Borman, George A. Grishina, Tatiana S. Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A. Kopatskaya, Evgenia N. Larionova, Elena G. Morozova, Daria A. Savchenko, Sergey S. Shishkina, Ekaterina V. Troitskiy, Ivan S. Troitskaya, Yulia V. Vasilyev, Andrey A. Zhovtan, Alexey V. Myserlis, Ioannis Gurwell, Mark Keating, Garrett Rao, Ramprasad Kang, Sincheol Lee, Sang-Sung Kim, Sanghyun Cheong, Whee Yeon Jeong, Hyeon-Woo Song, Chanwoo Li, Shan Nam, Myeong-Seok Álvarez-Ortega, Diego Casadio, Carolina Angelakis, Emmanouil Kraus, Alexander Jormanainen, Jenni Ramazani, Vandad Fallah Chen, Chien-Ting Costa, Enrico Churazov, Eugene Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Galanti, Giorgio Khabibulin, Ildar O'Dell, Stephen L. Pacciani, Luigi Roncadelli, Marco Roberts, Oliver J. Soffitta, Paolo Swartz, Douglas A. Tavecchio, Fabrizio Weisskopf, Martin C. Zhuravleva, Irina |
| author_facet | Liodakis, Ioannis Chakraborty, Sudip Marin, Frédéric Ehlert, Steven R. Barnouin, Thibault Kouch, Pouya M. Nilsson, Kari Lindfors, Elina Pursimo, Tapio Paraschos, Georgios F. Middei, Riccardo Falcão, Anna Trindade Jorstad, Svetlana Agudo, Iván Kovalev, Yuri Y. Casey, Jacob J. Di Gesu, Laura Kaaret, Philip Kim, Dawoon E. Kislat, Fabian Ratheesh, Ajay Saade, M. Lynne Tombesi, Francesco Marscher, Alan Aceituno, Francisco José Bonnoli, Giacomo Casanova, Víctor Emery, Gabriel Pedrosa, Juan Escudero Morcuende, Daniel Otero-Santos, Jorge Sota, Alfredo Piirola, Vilppu Bachev, Rumen Strigachev, Anton Borman, George A. Grishina, Tatiana S. Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A. Kopatskaya, Evgenia N. Larionova, Elena G. Morozova, Daria A. Savchenko, Sergey S. Shishkina, Ekaterina V. Troitskiy, Ivan S. Troitskaya, Yulia V. Vasilyev, Andrey A. Zhovtan, Alexey V. Myserlis, Ioannis Gurwell, Mark Keating, Garrett Rao, Ramprasad Kang, Sincheol Lee, Sang-Sung Kim, Sanghyun Cheong, Whee Yeon Jeong, Hyeon-Woo Song, Chanwoo Li, Shan Nam, Myeong-Seok Álvarez-Ortega, Diego Casadio, Carolina Angelakis, Emmanouil Kraus, Alexander Jormanainen, Jenni Ramazani, Vandad Fallah Chen, Chien-Ting Costa, Enrico Churazov, Eugene Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Galanti, Giorgio Khabibulin, Ildar O'Dell, Stephen L. Pacciani, Luigi Roncadelli, Marco Roberts, Oliver J. Soffitta, Paolo Swartz, Douglas A. Tavecchio, Fabrizio Weisskopf, Martin C. Zhuravleva, Irina |
| contents | 3C 84 is the brightest cluster galaxy in the Perseus Cluster. It is among the closest radio-loud active galaxies and among the very few that can be detected from low frequency radio up to TeV $γ$-rays. Here we report on the first X-ray polarization observation of 3C~84 with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, for a total of 2.2 Msec that coincides with a flare in $γ$-rays. This is the longest observation for a radio-loud active galaxy that allowed us to reach unprecedented sensitivity, leading to the detection of an X-ray polarization degree of $\rmΠ_X=4.2\pm1.3\%$ ($\sim3.2σ$ confidence) at an X-ray electric vector polarization angle of $\rm ψ_X=163^{\circ}\pm9^{\circ}$, that is aligned with the radio jet direction on the sky. Optical polarization observations show fast variability about the jet axis as well. Our results strongly favor models in which X-rays are produced by Compton scattering from relativistic electrons -- specifically Synchrotron Self-Compton -- that takes places downstream, away from the supermassive black hole. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_16109 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Detection of Compton scattering in the jet of 3C 84 Liodakis, Ioannis Chakraborty, Sudip Marin, Frédéric Ehlert, Steven R. Barnouin, Thibault Kouch, Pouya M. Nilsson, Kari Lindfors, Elina Pursimo, Tapio Paraschos, Georgios F. Middei, Riccardo Falcão, Anna Trindade Jorstad, Svetlana Agudo, Iván Kovalev, Yuri Y. Casey, Jacob J. Di Gesu, Laura Kaaret, Philip Kim, Dawoon E. Kislat, Fabian Ratheesh, Ajay Saade, M. Lynne Tombesi, Francesco Marscher, Alan Aceituno, Francisco José Bonnoli, Giacomo Casanova, Víctor Emery, Gabriel Pedrosa, Juan Escudero Morcuende, Daniel Otero-Santos, Jorge Sota, Alfredo Piirola, Vilppu Bachev, Rumen Strigachev, Anton Borman, George A. Grishina, Tatiana S. Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A. Kopatskaya, Evgenia N. Larionova, Elena G. Morozova, Daria A. Savchenko, Sergey S. Shishkina, Ekaterina V. Troitskiy, Ivan S. Troitskaya, Yulia V. Vasilyev, Andrey A. Zhovtan, Alexey V. Myserlis, Ioannis Gurwell, Mark Keating, Garrett Rao, Ramprasad Kang, Sincheol Lee, Sang-Sung Kim, Sanghyun Cheong, Whee Yeon Jeong, Hyeon-Woo Song, Chanwoo Li, Shan Nam, Myeong-Seok Álvarez-Ortega, Diego Casadio, Carolina Angelakis, Emmanouil Kraus, Alexander Jormanainen, Jenni Ramazani, Vandad Fallah Chen, Chien-Ting Costa, Enrico Churazov, Eugene Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Galanti, Giorgio Khabibulin, Ildar O'Dell, Stephen L. Pacciani, Luigi Roncadelli, Marco Roberts, Oliver J. Soffitta, Paolo Swartz, Douglas A. Tavecchio, Fabrizio Weisskopf, Martin C. Zhuravleva, Irina High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 3C 84 is the brightest cluster galaxy in the Perseus Cluster. It is among the closest radio-loud active galaxies and among the very few that can be detected from low frequency radio up to TeV $γ$-rays. Here we report on the first X-ray polarization observation of 3C~84 with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, for a total of 2.2 Msec that coincides with a flare in $γ$-rays. This is the longest observation for a radio-loud active galaxy that allowed us to reach unprecedented sensitivity, leading to the detection of an X-ray polarization degree of $\rmΠ_X=4.2\pm1.3\%$ ($\sim3.2σ$ confidence) at an X-ray electric vector polarization angle of $\rm ψ_X=163^{\circ}\pm9^{\circ}$, that is aligned with the radio jet direction on the sky. Optical polarization observations show fast variability about the jet axis as well. Our results strongly favor models in which X-rays are produced by Compton scattering from relativistic electrons -- specifically Synchrotron Self-Compton -- that takes places downstream, away from the supermassive black hole. |
| title | Detection of Compton scattering in the jet of 3C 84 |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16109 |